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. 2021 Jun 23;19(7):1101–1154. doi: 10.2174/1570159X19666210101130258
Study Species Sexes Sexes Combined or Separated Sample Size Singular/
Chronic Dosing
Chronic Timing Dose (mg/kg) Route Treatment Age (PD) Testing Age (PD) Temperature (°C) Social Restriction Males Females Both
Slais 2009 [236] Mouse NA NA 49 Chronic Twice, 1-week interval 2.5, 10, 30 p.o. NA NA NA Nil Aggressive mice: decreased aggression and sociability, increased defence-escape behaviour; 30 mg/kg: increased walking. Timid mice: increased defence-escape behaviour, decreased prosociality; 30 mg/kg: increased walking - -
Slamberova 2015 [97] Rat Males NA 246 Singular NA 2.5, 5.0, 10 s.c. “Adult” Same day 22-24 Nil Decreased time and frequency of mutual sniffing. 10 mg/kg: decreased frequency of mutual sniffing and following. Decreased time and frequency of climbing over conspecific. 5, 10 mg/kg: decreased rearing frequency, time and frequency of allogrooming. NA NA
Thompson 2004 [237] Rat Males NA 25 Chronic Each of 4 hours on 2 consecutive days 5 i.p. 332g 84-105 days later 28 Nil Less time in social interaction. NA NA
Thompson 2007 [52] Rat Males NA 16 Singular NA 5 i.p. 403g 403g 28 Nil Increased adjacent lying; decreased general investigation, anogenital investigation and rearing. NA NA
Thompson 2008 [83] Rat Males NA 48 Chronic Each of 4 hours over 2 consecutive days 5 i.p. 6-16 90-100 28 20 mins. Chronically decreased total social interaction. NA NA
Thompson 2008 [83] Rat Males NA 48 Chronic Each of 4 hours over 2 consecutive days 2.5 i.p. 9-19 90-100 28 20 mins. Decreased investigation. NA NA
Thompson 2008 [83] Rat Males NA 48 Singular NA 5 i.p. 8-18 90-100 28 20 mins. 2.5 mg/kg: decreased total social interaction, adjacent lying. NA NA
Thompson 2009 [82] Rat Males NA 36 Singular NA 5 i.p. “Adult” (345g) Same day 28 20 mins. Increased total social interaction and general exploration; decreased anogenital sniffing and rearing. NA NA
van Nieuwenhuijzen 2010 [212] Rat Males NA 24 Chronic Daily over 10 days 5 i.p. 220-300g 220-300g 21 Nil Decreased general-investigation time. NA NA
Wallinga 2009 [80] Rat Males NA 21 Chronic Thrice, 3-hour intervals 6 i.p. 425g 133 21 1 day Low-aggressive: 4-month-old intruder caused increased aggressiveness. NA NA