Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N=63).
| Characteristics | Caregiver (n=45) | Provider (n=18) | ||||
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Female | 42 (93.3) | 17 (94.4) | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||
|
|
Mean (SD) | 50.41 (11.33) | 45.28 (11.60) | |||
|
|
Range | 31-73 | 28-70 | |||
| Average age of children with FASDa (n=64) | ||||||
|
|
Mean (SD) | 9.70 (3.58) | N/Ab | |||
|
|
Range | 4-17 | N/A | |||
| Caregiver ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Hispanic or Latinx | 3 (6.7) | 2 (11.1) | |||
| Caregiver race, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
African American or Black | 4 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) | |||
|
|
Asian | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | |||
|
|
White | 40 (88.9) | 17 (94.4) | |||
|
|
Native American or Alaska native | 2 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | |||
|
|
Native Hawaiian or Pacific islander | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | |||
| Education level, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
High-school diploma or GEDc | 2 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | |||
|
|
Some college, trade school, or Associate’s degree | 13 (28.9) | 0 (0.0) | |||
|
|
Bachelor’s degree | 12 (26.7) | 2 (11.1) | |||
|
|
Master’s degree or higher | 13 (28.9) | 6 (33.3) | |||
|
|
Doctoral or professional degree | 5 (11.1) | 10 (55.6) | |||
| Relation to child,d n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Biological parent | 1 (2.2) | N/A | |||
|
|
Adoptive parent | 32 (71.1) | N/A | |||
|
|
Foster parent | 1 (2.2) | N/A | |||
|
|
Grandparent | 9 (20.0) | N/A | |||
|
|
Other relative | 2 (4.4) | N/A | |||
| Family income (US $), n (%) | ||||||
|
|
15,000-24,999 | 2 (4.4) | N/A | |||
|
|
25,000-34,999 | 3 (6.7) | N/A | |||
|
|
35,000-49,999 | 4 (8.9) | N/A | |||
|
|
50,00074,999 | 7 (15.6) | N/A | |||
|
|
75,000-99,999 | 4 (8.9) | N/A | |||
|
|
100,000-149,999 | 12 (26.7) | N/A | |||
|
|
150,000 or more | 9 (20.0) | N/A | |||
|
|
Prefer not to answer | 4 (8.9) | N/A | |||
| Community type, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Rural | 7 (15.6) | N/A | |||
|
|
Suburban | 33 (73.3) | N/A | |||
|
|
Urban | 5 (11.1) | N/A | |||
| Experience with standard FMFe Program, n (%)f | 7 (15.6) | 9 (50.0) | ||||
| Round of beta-testing, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Beta test 1 | 21 (46.7) | 17 (94.4) | |||
|
|
Beta test 2 | 24 (53.3) | 1 (5.6) | |||
| Operating system, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
iOS | 36 (80.0) | 17 (94.4) | |||
|
|
Android | 8 (17.8) | 1 (5.6) | |||
| Comfort with technologyg | ||||||
|
|
Mean (SD) | 5.73 (1.32) | 5.83 (0.92) | |||
|
|
Range | 1-7 | 4-7 | |||
aSome caregivers had more than one child with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
bN/A: not applicable.
cGED: General Educational Development.
dA total of three biological parents participated in the study. Two participants were biological parents but were noted in other categories (eg, grandparent, who was also a biological parent).
eFMF: Families Moving Forward.
fFor caregivers, experience with FMF denotes completing the FMF Program, and for providers denotes training and delivering the FMF Program.
gComfort with technology was measured using a Likert scale ranging from 1 (low) to 7 (high).