Table 2.
Model | Precision (%), mean (SD) | Recall (%), mean (SD) | F1 score (%), mean (SD) |
CRFa ++ [21] | 94.4 (0.32) | 93.1 (0.28) | 93.9 (0.08) |
Word2Vec + Bi-LSTMb-CRF [21] | 94.6 (0.33) | 94.1 (0.30) | 94.4 (0.29) |
BERTc + Bi-LSTM-CRF-Radical | 95.2 (0.07) | 95.2 (0.07) | 95.2 (0.06) |
Fine-tuning BERT + Bi-LSTM-CRF | 96.0 (0.05) | 95.5 (0.08) | 96.0 (0.06) |
Fine-tuning BBCd-Radical | 96.4 (0.04) | 96.0 (0.03) | 96.2 (0.04) |
aCRF: conditional random field.
bBi-LSTM: bidirectional long short-term memory.
cBERT: Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers.
dBBC: BERT-Bi-LSTM-CRF.