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. 2021 Dec 20;18:254. doi: 10.1186/s12985-021-01727-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Changes in suckling mice infected with rotavirus strain SA-11. a The viral load in the feces of the suckling mice in the RV group was quantified by a fluorescent focus assay (FFA) with MA104 cells. No virus was detected in NC group. The RV group contained 10 litters of mice, and there were 7–8 mice in each litter. Each experiment was repeated three times. b Histopathological changes within the duodenum of mice challenged with RV-SA11 as demonstrated by H&E staining. Five sucking mice were randomly selected from each RV group and NC group for sample collection and pathological analysis. a: vacuolar degeneration of intestinal epithelial cells; b: congestion and edema of the stroma, dilation, and congestion of blood vessels distributed within the villi of the small intestine; c: necrosis of cells; and d: destruction of the intestinal epithelium. Scale bar = 50 μm (a); 20 μm (b, c, and d)