Table 3.
Comparisons of the different treatment groups with the arm CI in group RCI as reference
| Evolution from baseline* |
Difference versus RCI arm CI* |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean | 95% CI | mean | 95% CI | p value | |
| EUROQOL EQ-5D | |||||
| Abstention | 6.33 | (−4.75; 17.40) | 0.54 | (−14.10; 15.18) | 0.94 |
| CROS | 2.42 | (−2.84; 7.69) | −3.36 | (−14.66; 7.94) | 0.56 |
| BAHS | 3.87 | (−12.05; 19.78) | −1.92 | (−20.64; 16.80) | 0.84 |
| RCI arm “observation” | 1.62 | (−3.89; 7.13) | −4.17 | (−15.53; 7.20) | 0.47 |
| RCI arm CI | 5.79 | (−4.05; 15.63) | |||
| EQ-5D VAS | |||||
| Abstention | 4.67 | (−4.21; 13.54) | −7.05 | (−18.47; 4.38) | 0.23 |
| CROS | −0.98 | (−5.22; 3.26) | −12.70 | (−20.91; −4.48) | 0.003 |
| BAHS | 4.77 | (−2.85; 12.39) | −6.95 | (−17.07; 3.17) | 0.18 |
| RCI arm “observation” | 0.46 | (−4.20; 5.12) | −11.26 | (−19.81; −2.70) | 0.01 |
| RCI arm CI | 11.72 | (4.70; 18.73) | |||
| NCIQ | |||||
| Abstention | 1.9 | (−8.0; 11.8) | −13.29 | (−25.08; −1.49) | 0.03 |
| CROS | 7.7 | (4.5; 10.8) | −7.51 | (−14.62; −0.41) | 0.04 |
| BAHS | 14.3 | (7.9; 20.7) | −0.87 | (−9.89; 8.15) | 0.85 |
| RCI arm “observation” | 2.6 | (−2.9; 8.1) | −12.57 | (−21.00; −4.14) | 0.004 |
| RCI arm CI | 15.2 | (8.8; 21.6) | |||
| VAS tinnitus severity | |||||
| Abstention | −8.6 | (−26.1; 8.9) | 17.17 | (−3.33; 37.68) | 0.10 |
| CROS | −8.9 | (−14.5; −3.4) | 16.85 | (5.10; 28.60) | 0.005 |
| BAHS | −23.4 | (−35.8; −11.1) | 2.35 | (−13.87; 18.57) | 0.78 |
| RCI arm “observation” | −4.3 | (−14.0; 5.4) | 21.48 | (7.19; 35.77) | 0.004 |
| RCI arm CI | −25.8 | (−36.2; −15.4) | |||
| SNR50 SpeNbe (dB) | |||||
| Abstention | −2.03 | (−5.66; 1.61) | 3.47 | (−1.29; 8.22) | 0.15 |
| CROS | −6.43 | (−9.00; −3.85) | −0.93 | (−4.62; 2.75) | 0.62 |
| BAHS | −1.25 | (−8.49; 5.98) | 4.24 | (−3.09; 11.57) | 0.26 |
| RCI arm “observation” | −3.27 | (−5.95; −0.59) | 2.22 | (−1.83; 6.28) | 0.28 |
| RCI arm CI | −5.49 | (−8.51; −2.47) | |||
| SNR50 S0N0 (dB) | |||||
| Abstention | −6.04 | (−16.57; 4.50) | −3.00 | (−13.87; 7.87) | 0.59 |
| CROS | −1.80 | (−3.02; −0.58) | 1.23 | (−1.36; 3.83) | 0.35 |
| BAHS | 0.95 | (−3.96; 5.85) | 3.98 | (−1.47; 9.44) | 0.15 |
| RCI arm “observation” | −1.99 | (−3.04; −0.94) | 1.04 | (−1.60; 3.68) | 0.44 |
| RCI arm CI | −3.04 | (−5.46; −0.61) | |||
| SNR50 SbeNpe (dB) | |||||
| Abstention | −0.02 | (−2.66; 2.61) | 2.94 | (−0.39; 6.27) | 0.08 |
| CROS | −0.34 | (−1.71; 1.03) | 2.62 | (0.16; 5.09) | 0.04 |
| BAHS | 0.79 | (−6.07; 7.65) | 3.75 | (−3.61; 11.12) | 0.32 |
| RCI arm “observation” | −2.97 | (−5.28; −0.67) | −0.01 | (−3.05; 3.03) | 1.00 |
| RCI arm CI | −2.96 | (−4.95; −0.97) | |||
| Horizontal localization − RMSE (°) | |||||
| Abstention | −2.66 | (−18.92; 13.60) | 6.17 | (−12.44; 24.79) | 0.51 |
| CROS | 7.72 | (2.71; 12.73) | 16.56 | (6.12; 27.00) | 0.002 |
| BAHS | −10.10 | (−20.24; 0.04) | −1.27 | (−14.84; 12.31) | 0.85 |
| RCI arm “observation” | −9.58 | (−18.44; −0.72) | −0.75 | (−13.40; 11.91) | 0.91 |
| RCI arm CI | −8.84 | (−17.94; 0.27) | |||
SpeNbe, speech presented to the poor ear and noise to the better ear; SbeNpe, noise presented to the poor ear and speech to the better ear; 95 CI, 95% confidence interval; BAHS, bone-anchored hearing system; CI, cochlear implant; EQ-5D, EuroQoL-5D; NCIQ, Nijmegen Cochlear implant Questionnaire; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale; CROS, contralateral routing of the signal; RCI, randomized for CI; SNR50, signal-to-noise ratio for 50% correct word recognition; S0N0, speech and noise collocated and presented from the loudspeaker in front of the subject; RMSE, root mean square error.
Mean differences, 95% CIs, and p values are estimated using linear regressions adjusted for the baseline value of the outcome, with a robust estimator of variance. Significant differences are indicated in bold.