Table 3.
Study characteristics and baseline patient characteristics categorized by type of radiotherapy
| RT type | Authors | Study type | Radiation schedule | N | Sex (M:F) | Median age in years (range or patients, N) | KPS (patients, N) | Number of BMs (patients, N) | Median total volume of BMs in cm3 | Median overall survival in months | Primary tumor location (patients, N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WBRT | Mehta et al. [7, 18, 38, 74] | Phase III RCT | WBRT | 208 | 90:118 | 58 (N.A.) | 70 (43) | 1 (41) | N.A. | 4.9 | Lung (128) |
|
| |||||||||||
| 30 Gy/IOfr | 80 (55) | 2–3 (69) | Breast (42) | ||||||||
| 90 (77) | 4–6 (41) | Other (38) | |||||||||
| 100 (33) | >6 (53) | ||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Gondi et al. [26] | Phase II trial | HA-WBRT | 100 | N.A. | 61 (28–83) | 70 (19) | N.A. | 6.7 | 6.8 | Lung (56) | |
| 30 Gy/ 10 fr | 80 (17) | Breast (15) | |||||||||
| 90 (39) | Other (29) | ||||||||||
| 100:25 | |||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Saito et al. [28] | Prospective trial | WBRT | 18 | 21:13 | 65.5 (39–86) | ≤70 (22) | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | Lung (20) | |
| 30 Gy/ 10 fr | ≥80 (12) | Breast (7) | |||||||||
| Other (7) | |||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| WBRT | 16 | ||||||||||
| 35 Gy/14 fr | |||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Deng et al. [35] | Retrospective trial | WBRT | 109 | 67:42 | ≤60 (38) | N.A. | ≤3 (32) | N.A. | 7.3 | Lung (109) | |
| 30 Gy/10 fr | >60 (71) | >3 (77) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Cheng et al. [34] | Prospective trial | WBRT | 81 | 48:33 | ≤65 (39) | ≥80 (81) | <3 (54) | N.A. | 7.5 | Lung (49) | |
| 40 Gy/20 fr | ≥65 (42) | ≥3 (23) | Other (32) | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Zhan et al. [39] | RCT | WBRT | 117 | 68:49 | ≤60 (51) | <70 (85) | ≤2 (94) | N.A. | 6.5 | N.A. | |
| 30 Gy/15 fr | >60 (66) | ≥70 (32) | >2 (23) | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Zhu et al. [40] | Retrospective trial | WBRT | 33 | 18:15 | ≤61 (14) | N.A. | ≥4 (33) | N.A. | 7.5 | Lung (33) | |
| 40 Gy/20 fr | >61 (19) | ||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Westover et al. [41] | Phase II trial | HA-WBRT + SIB 20 Gy/10 fr + 40 Gy/10 fr | 49 | 24:25 | 60 (54–65) | ≥70 (49) | 1–3 (19) | 0.8 | 9.0 | Lung (39) | |
| 4–6 (20) | Breast (5) | ||||||||||
| 7–8 (10) | Other (5) | ||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Onodera et al. [25] | Nonrandomized pilot study | WBRT | 20 | 11:9 | 62.6 (N.A.) | 70 (1) | <3 (6) | 6.7 | N.A. | Lung (17) | |
| 35 Gy/14 fr | 80 (2) | ≥ 3 (14) | Breast (1) | ||||||||
| 90 (17) | Other (2) | ||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| SRS | 7 | 2:5 | 56.3 (N.A.) | 70 (1) | 1 (7) | 2.8 | N.A. | Lung (6) | |||
| 25 Gy/1 fr or 28–35 Gy/4 fr | 80 (1) | Breast (0) | |||||||||
| 90 (5) | Other (1) | ||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| SRS | Chang et al. [29] | Prospective pilot study | SRS median 20 Gy (14–21 Gy) | 15 | 5:10 | 64.9 (31.5–77) | 70 (1) | 1 (11) | 1.8 | 7.2 | Lung (8) |
| 80 (2) | 2–3 (4) | Renal (3) | |||||||||
| 90 (8) 100 (4) | Melanoma (4) | ||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Chang et al. [31] | RCT | SRS median 19 Gy (15–20 Gy) | 30 | 12:18 | 63 (35–82) | ≥80 (30) | 1 (18) | 1.4 | 15.2 | Lung (16) | |
| 2–3 (12) | Breast (4) Renal (2) Melanoma (4) Other (4) | ||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Brown et al. [32] | RCT | SRS median 20 Gy (14–21 Gy) | 111 | 54:57 | <60 (53) | N.A. | 1 (55) | N.A. | 10.4 | Lung (80) | |
| ≥60 (58) | 2 (39) | Breast (11) | |||||||||
| 3 (17) | Melanoma (3) Other (17) | ||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Habets et al. [30, 43] | Prospective trial | SRS median 19 Gy (15–20 Gy) | 97 | 46:51 | 63 (33–82) | 60–80 (62) | 1 (43) | 7.8 | 7.7 | Lung (48) | |
| ≥90 (35) | 2 (31) | Breast (8) | |||||||||
| 3 (18) | Melanoma (9) | ||||||||||
| 4 (5) | Other (32) | ||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Minniti et al. [42] | Prospective trial | SRS | 40 | 23:17 | 57 (37–74) | ≥60 (40) | 10–14 (32) | 4.7 | 14.1 | Lung (17) | |
| 22 Gy (<2 cm lesion) | 15–21 (8) | Breast (7) | |||||||||
| 16–18 Gy (≥2 cm lesion) | Melanoma (10) Kidney (6) | ||||||||||
BMs, brain metastases; Fr, fractions; Gy, RT dose in Gray; HA-WBRT, hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy; KPS, Karnofsky performance status; N.A., not available; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RT, radiotherapy; SIB, simultaneous integrated boost; SRS, stereotactic radiosurgery; WBRT, whole-brain radiotherapy; N.A., not available.