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. 2021 Dec 6;8:732042. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.732042

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Copyright © 2021 Hu, Wang, Wan, Ma, Zhao and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Tangshen Formula treatment inhibited the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and p-Smad2/3 and promoted the expression of smad7 in KKAy mice. (A) Western blot and semi-quantitative analyses of TGF-β1, smad7, p-Smad2/3, and Smad2/3 expressions. (B) IHC of psmad2/3 (original magnification, 400×) and the number of positive cells in each group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 TSF-treated group vs. KKAy group; ^##p < 0.01, ^####p < 0.0001 KKAy group vs. C57BL/6J group.