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. 2021 Dec 6;8:732042. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.732042

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Copyright © 2021 Hu, Wang, Wan, Ma, Zhao and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schema of the possible mechanism of antifibrosis action of TSF. In the TGF-β/smad pathway, TSF decreased the expression of TGF-β1, inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, and increased the expression of Smad7, which promoted the degradation of catenin. Meanwhile, TSF also inhibited the Wnt pathway and further promoted β-catenin phosphorylation and degradation. The green arrow represents the effect of TSF.