Table 2.

Adjusted Odds Ratios for Associations Between the TyG and the Risk of Periodontitis in NHANES 2009–2014

Characteristic	Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis
	aOR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)	P value
Sex
Male	Reference		Reference
Female	0.462 (0.407–0.526)	<0.001	0.456 (0.395–0.525)	<0.001
Age, years	1.006 (1.002–1.011)	0.006	1.008 (1.003–1.013)	0.002
Race
Non-Hispanic white	Reference		Reference
Non-Hispanic black	2.599 (2.193–3.079)	<0.001	2.497 (2.081–2.995)	<0.001
Mexican American	3.084 (2.562–3.712)	<0.001	2.861 (2.320–3.530)	<0.001
Other Hispanic	1.488 (1.189–1.862)	0.001	1.438 (1.133–1.826)	0.003
Other	1.346 (1.083–1.673)	0.007	1.630 (1.296–2.050)	<0.001
Education
Less than high school	Reference		Reference
High school or equivalent	0.716 (0.601–0.854)	<0.001	0.827 (0.683–1.002)	0.053
College or above	0.376 (0.323–0.437)	<0.001	0.588 (0.495–0.699)	<0.001
Other	0.722 (0.132–3.955)	0.707	0.658 (0.106–4.075)	0.653
Marital status
Married	Reference		Reference
Unmarried/Other	1.449 (1.276–1.644)	<0.001	1.341 (1.165–1.543)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	1.011 (1.002–1.020)	0.018	–	0.199
Hypertension
Yes	Reference		Reference
No/Unknown	0.804 (0.707–0.914)	0.001	–	0.323
Diabetes
Yes	Reference		Reference
Prediabetes	0.724 (0.601–0.872)	0.001	–	0.704
No/Unknown	0.802 (0.532–1.210)	0.294	–	0.915
Smoking
Never	Reference		Reference
Former	1.355 (1.163–1.580)	<0.001	1.163 (0.984–1.374)	0.077
Current	2.497 (2.125–2.933)	<0.001	2.098 (1.753–2.510)	<0.001
Physical activity status
Vigorous
Yes	Reference		Reference
No	1.818 (1.524–2.170)	<0.001	1.590 (1.307–1.934)	<0.001
Moderate
Yes	Reference		Reference
No	1.520 (1.334–1.732)	<0.001	–	0.063
TyG index	1.343 (1.212–1.489)	<0.001	1.153 (1.006–1.322)	0.034

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; TyG, triglyceride-glucose; CI, confidence interval; aOR, adjusted odds ratio.