Table 1. Age related differences in predictors of frequency of arts participation in the past 12 months from logistic regression models.
| Frequency of arts participation | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample A | Ages ≤ 59 B | Ages 60–69 C | Ages ≥ 70 D | |||||||||||||
| N = 7523 | N = 1827 | N = 2316 | N = 3380 | |||||||||||||
| OR | 95%CI | P | OR | 95%CI | P | OR | 95%CI | P | OR | 95%CI | P | |||||
| Age (Ref 50–59) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| 60–69 | 1.31 | 0.95 | 1.79 | 0.096 | ||||||||||||
| 70+ | 1.81 | 1.24 | 2.64 | 0.002 | ||||||||||||
| Gender (Ref Female) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Male | 0.51 | 0.40 | 0.66 | <0.001 | 0.65 | 0.39 | 1.06 | 0.084 | 0.41 | 0.27 | 0.61 | <0.001 | 0.44 | 0.31 | 0.64 | <0.001 |
| Race/Ethnicity (Ref White) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Black/African American | 0.91 | 0.67 | 1.23 | 0.522 | 1.48 | 0.82 | 2.65 | 0.191 | 0.82 | 0.48 | 1.41 | 0.475 | 0.72 | 0.46 | 1.15 | 0.168 |
| Other ethnicity [including American Indian or Alaskan Native, Asian or Pacific Islander] | 0.90 | 0.60 | 1.34 | 0.602 | 1.50 | 0.67 | 3.36 | 0.323 | 0.77 | 0.41 | 1.44 | 0.415 | 0.51 | 0.28 | 0.92 | 0.026 |
| Marital status (Ref Married) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Unmarried | 1.01 | 0.78 | 1.31 | 0.934 | 1.14 | 0.69 | 1.89 | 0.619 | 0.96 | 0.61 | 1.50 | 0.849 | 0.92 | 0.63 | 1.35 | 0.673 |
| Educational attainment (Ref None) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| High School/ GED | 1.74 | 1.29 | 2.35 | <0.001 | 1.67 | 0.87 | 3.21 | 0.126 | 1.14 | 0.65 | 1.99 | 0.658 | 2.30 | 1.57 | 3.35 | <0.001 |
| College / postgraduate | 3.02 | 1.97 | 4.64 | <0.001 | 1.96 | 0.86 | 4.47 | 0.111 | 2.51 | 1.20 | 5.22 | 0.014 | 6.04 | 3.21 | 11.37 | <0.001 |
| Neighbourhood safety (Ref Good/excellent) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Fair/Poor | 1.16 | 0.83 | 1.61 | 0.384 | 0.97 | 0.51 | 1.85 | 0.918 | 1.21 | 0.70 | 2.10 | 0.498 | 1.24 | 0.77 | 1.98 | 0.374 |
| Employment status (Ref Employed) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Unemployed/ Inactive | 0.94 | 0.67 | 1.32 | 0.728 | 0.95 | 0.56 | 1.61 | 0.858 | 0.89 | 0.52 | 1.53 | 0.681 | 0.51 | 0.23 | 1.11 | 0.088 |
| Retired | 1.01 | 0.74 | 1.37 | 0.960 | 1.51 | 0.52 | 4.42 | 0.453 | 1.00 | 0.65 | 1.54 | 0.991 | 0.59 | 0.29 | 1.20 | 0.145 |
| Wealth, quartiled (Ref Quartile 1) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Quartile 2 | 1.50 | 1.11 | 2.02 | 0.008 | 2.42 | 1.32 | 4.47 | 0.005 | 1.40 | 0.84 | 2.33 | 0.199 | 1.10 | 0.73 | 1.66 | 0.649 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.52 | 1.09 | 2.14 | 0.015 | 1.64 | 0.83 | 3.23 | 0.152 | 1.95 | 1.05 | 3.60 | 0.034 | 1.23 | 0.79 | 1.93 | 0.360 |
| Quartile 4 | 1.81 | 1.20 | 2.74 | 0.005 | 2.04 | 0.85 | 4.92 | 0.111 | 1.71 | 0.85 | 3.43 | 0.133 | 1.53 | 0.88 | 2.68 | 0.135 |
| Satisfied with ageing (Ref Yes) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| No | 1.43 | 1.07 | 1.91 | 0.016 | 0.79 | 0.43 | 1.46 | 0.452 | 2.11 | 1.28 | 3.48 | 0.003 | 1.66 | 1.11 | 2.48 | 0.013 |
| Satisfied with Life (Ref Yes) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| No | 0.99 | 0.76 | 1.29 | 0.948 | 0.97 | 0.58 | 1.61 | 0.905 | 0.82 | 0.51 | 1.32 | 0.418 | 1.18 | 0.80 | 1.73 | 0.400 |
| See friends (Ref Yearly/less) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Monthly | 1.11 | 0.80 | 1.54 | 0.550 | 1.11 | 0.56 | 2.21 | 0.768 | 1.03 | 0.61 | 1.75 | 0.907 | 1.17 | 0.74 | 1.84 | 0.507 |
| Weekly | 1.61 | 1.13 | 2.30 | 0.009 | 1.51 | 0.70 | 3.28 | 0.295 | 1.81 | 1.05 | 3.12 | 0.032 | 1.41 | 0.88 | 2.27 | 0.151 |
| Attend religious services (Ref Yearly/Less) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Monthly | 1.02 | 0.76 | 1.36 | 0.921 | 0.84 | 0.50 | 1.43 | 0.519 | 1.46 | 0.92 | 2.32 | 0.111 | 0.68 | 0.45 | 1.02 | 0.064 |
| Weekly | 1.27 | 0.94 | 1.72 | 0.115 | 0.96 | 0.52 | 1.77 | 0.886 | 1.26 | 0.76 | 2.09 | 0.369 | 1.47 | 0.97 | 2.21 | 0.070 |
| Depression CES-D (Ref None) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Present | 0.81 | 0.59 | 1.12 | 0.203 | 0.62 | 0.34 | 1.14 | 0.126 | 1.11 | 0.63 | 1.95 | 0.711 | 0.75 | 0.49 | 1.16 | 0.197 |
| Smoker | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 1.04 | 0.69 | 1.56 | 0.842 | 0.76 | 0.41 | 1.41 | 0.383 | 1.04 | 0.57 | 1.89 | 0.899 | 1.56 | 0.84 | 2.89 | 0.159 |
| Self-rated health (Ref Good/excellent) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Fair/Poor | 1.09 | 0.83 | 1.43 | 0.547 | 1.15 | 0.64 | 2.05 | 0.649 | 1.18 | 0.72 | 1.93 | 0.510 | 0.93 | 0.65 | 1.32 | 0.680 |
| iADL (Ref None) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Difficulties with activities | 0.74 | 0.56 | 0.97 | 0.032 | 0.88 | 0.47 | 1.67 | 0.704 | 0.70 | 0.43 | 1.13 | 0.140 | 0.64 | 0.45 | 0.91 | 0.012 |
| Unable to do activities | 0.31 | 0.17 | 0.55 | <0.001 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 1.49 | 0.154 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 0.95 | 0.039 | 0.31 | 0.14 | 0.67 | 0.003 |
| Long term conditions (Ref None) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 0.88 | 0.68 | 1.15 | 0.356 | 0.88 | 0.55 | 1.42 | 0.595 | 0.94 | 0.61 | 1.43 | 0.760 | 0.79 | 0.51 | 1.22 | 0.284 |
| Total cognition score, quartiled (Ref Quartile 1) | -- | |||||||||||||||
| Quartile 2 | 1.25 | 0.93 | 1.68 | 0.141 | 1.36 | 0.66 | 2.83 | 0.407 | 1.34 | 0.79 | 2.27 | 0.280 | 1.03 | 0.72 | 1.48 | 0.861 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.17 | 0.80 | 1.71 | 0.414 | 0.97 | 0.42 | 2.22 | 0.942 | 1.53 | 0.82 | 2.85 | 0.177 | 1.03 | 0.59 | 1.83 | 0.910 |
| Quartile 4 | 1.68 | 1.09 | 2.61 | 0.020 | 1.61 | 0.66 | 3.94 | 0.294 | 1.86 | 0.93 | 3.72 | 0.079 | 2.88 | 1.24 | 6.66 | 0.014 |
| Arts index | 0.63 | 0.44 | 0.89 | 0.009 | 0.61 | 0.37 | 0.99 | 0.047 | 0.61 | 0.38 | 1.00 | 0.048 | 0.65 | 0.45 | 0.94 | 0.024 |
Note. Dashes indicate reference category
Frequency of participation is: Weekly or more vs Less than weekly to participants ‘How often do you [do writing, bake or cook, sew or knit, read, do hobbies, participate in a community arts group]’
Column A shows the total sample with age as a predictor; Columns B-D show age stratified analyses.