Just 1993.
Methods | Design: RCT Operative phase: preoperative Withdrawals: none Setting: 1 centre (USA) Sample size: 16 Funding: not stated |
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Participants | Age (range): 64 (60/68 years) Gender (M/F): 8/8 ASA grade: I – II Surgery type: elective (total hip arthroplasty) Surgery duration: > 2 hrs ( 174/180 mins) Anaesthesia type: general |
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Interventions |
Intervention (ABSW): n = 8 Electric blanket (CM‐AN 220, Chromex, Le Mans, France) + sheet (warmed) Duration: 90 mins preoperative Temperature: set at 42°– 43°C Body area covered: during surgery shoulders and thorax covered Proportion covered: not stated Control: n = 8 Paper shirt covered with cotton sheet Duration: until during surgery Control body area covered: during surgery ‐ covered shoulders and thorax Proportion covered: not stated Co‐interventions: Not stated |
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Outcomes | Shivering (present/absent) Thermal comfort of prewarming Fluids infused (total) (ml) Other outcomes reported not included in the review:
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Notes | Comparison 1 | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not reported |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not reported |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Not reported |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Shivering assessed by blinded investigator |
Baseline comparability of groups | Low risk | To a high extent according to Table 1 |
Co‐interventions equal between groups | Unclear risk | None reported |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | All randomized participants were analysed |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | We did not have access to the protocol, therefore we cannot exclude risk of selective reporting with the information provided |
Other bias | Low risk |