Kurz 1995.
| Methods | Design: RCT Operative phase: intraoperative Withdrawals: none Setting: 1 centre (Austria) Sample size: 74 Funding: Supported by a grant from the Max Kade Foundation and the Joseph Drown Foundation and the National Institutes of Health (GM49670) |
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| Participants | Age (mean range): 57 ‐ 59 years Gender (M/F): 39/35 ASA grade: I ‐ III Surgery type: elective colorectal surgery Surgery duration (mean): > 2 hrs (3.3/3.5 hrs) Anaesthesia type: general |
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| Interventions |
Intervention (ABSW): n = 39 Upper‐body forced‐air cover (Bair Hugger®, Augustine Medical, Inc) Temperature set at 40ºC Duration: not stated Body area covered: upper body Control: n = 35 Routine thermal management Participants in this group were allowed to become hypothermic (34ºC), then FAW was instituted to prevent further hypothermia Co‐interventions: fluid was heated to 37ºC in the FAW group but not in the control group Room temperature: 21° ‐ 22ºC intraoperatively and 23° ‐ 25ºC postoperatively |
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| Outcomes | Fluids infused (total) (ml) Shivering (grade 1 ‐ 3) Pain (VAS 0 ‐ 100) (reported narratively) Thermal comfort (VAS 0 ‐ 100) Other outcomes reported not included in the review:
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| Notes | Comparison 1 | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Computer‐generated random numbers table |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not reported (most probably not concealed) |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Open‐label ('risk of bias' judgement depending on the nature of the outcome) |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Not reported |
| Baseline comparability of groups | Low risk | Yes |
| Co‐interventions equal between groups | Low risk | Yes |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | All randomized participants were analysed |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | We did not have access to the protocol, therefore we cannot exclude risk of selective reporting with the information provided |
| Other bias | Low risk | |