Yamakage 1995.
| Methods | Design: RCT Operative phase: intraoperative Withdrawals: none Setting: 1 centre (Japan) Sample size: 21 Funding: not stated |
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| Participants | Age (mean): 56.2 years Gender (M/F): 13/8 ASA grade: I ‐ II Surgery type: elective (lower abdomen or lower extremity surgery) Surgery duration (mean): not stated Anaesthesia type: spinal |
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| Interventions |
Intervention (ABSWa): n = 7 Lower‐body warmed by forced‐air warmer (Bair Hugger®). The Bair Hugger supplied air to a disposable blanket laid over the participant, creating a shell of warm air around the body via flow through linear channels and small openings on the blanket's underside Temperature set at 37ºC Duration: not stated Body area covered: below the T10 dermatome Intervention (ABSWb): n = 7 Upper‐body warmed by forced‐air warmer (Bair Hugger®). The Bair Hugger supplied air to a disposable blanket laid over the participant, creating a shell of warm air around the body via flow through linear channels and small openings on the blanket's underside Temperature set at 37ºC Duration: not stated Body area covered: above the T7 dermatome Control: n = 7 Light blanket upper body Duration: not stated Body area covered: above the T7 dermatome Co‐interventions: not stated Room temperature: 23ºC |
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| Outcomes | Thermal comfort (VAS 0 ‐ 100) Shivering (VAS 0 ‐ 100) |
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| Notes |
Comparison 1 The 2 intervention groups have been merged in the analysis, giving 1 single comparison Comparison 3 |
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| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not reported |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not reported |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Not reported |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Not reported |
| Baseline comparability of groups | Low risk | To a high extent according to Table 1. |
| Co‐interventions equal between groups | Low risk | Yes |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | All randomized participants were analysed |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | We did not have access to the protocol, therefore we cannot exclude risk of selective reporting with the information provided |
| Other bias | Low risk | |