Table 3.

Efficacy of Different Therapeutic Agents Loaded in Bacterial Membrane and Targeted Against Different Cancers

Membrane Type and Source	Cargo	Cancer Type	Efficacy	References
OMV from E. coli	siRNA	HER2-overexpressing HCC1954 cells	Targeting of cancerous tissues through the EPR effect. Avoidance of gene leakage an protection from degradation	[122]
	ICC	CT26 and 4T1 tumors	Surface is functionalized with a calcium phosphate shell to respond to the acidic environment of the cancerous tissue. Combination of immunotherapy and photothermal therapy	[123]
	ICG	B16FIO tumor	Transdermal nanoplatform against melanoma. Combination of photodynamic therapy, photothermal, and immunotherapy	[124]
	BFGF	TC-I and B16FIO tumors	Used as a cancer vaccine. Induction of antibody production targeting tumor angiogenesis	[125]
Protoplast-derived nanovesicles from E. coli	Doxorubicin	Human lung carcinoma A459 cells	Bioengineered with high expression of the epidermal growth factor to target the tumor. Alleviation of systemic toxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent	[126]
DMV from E. coli	Doxorubicin	B16F10 tumor	Bioengineered with high expression of RGD motifs to target the tumor. Targeting of the monocytes or neutrophils that mediate transportation towards the tumor	[127]
OMV from Salmonella	Tegafur@F127 nanomicelles	B16FIO and 4T1 tumors	Surface is modified with RGD to preferentially accumulate in cancerous tissues. Combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy	[128]
	Paclitaxel	Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)	Passive accumulation in tumor tissues through the EPR effect. Combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy	[129]