Table 4.

Summary of Different Metal Based Drug-Nanoformulations Loaded in Various Tumor-Targeting Bacteria for Cancer Therapy

Bacteria	Metal NP	Type of Formulation	Application/Efficacy/ Therapeutic Mechanism	References
Synechococcus 7942	Human serum albumin nanoparticles	ICG	In situ O2 generation enables robust immunogenic PDT against tumor growth and metastasis	[156]
Lactobacillus plantarum	AuNP	Bacterial EPS stabilized NP	Drug delivery; antibiotic	[157]
		Antibiotic-AuNP-EPS	Drug delivery against MDR	[157]
Bifidobacterium longum	PLGA	Low-boiling-point perfluorohexane (PFH)	Theranostic efficacy. Realization of high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy against cancer	[132]
Escherichia coli	Polydopamine nanoparticles	Ce6	Converts endogenic H2O2 into O2 for subsequent photodynamic therapy	[158]
Magnetococcus marinus strain MC-I	–	Drug-loaded nanoliposome	Delivery of multiple drug agents	[151]
L. monocytogenes	Polystyrene nanoparticles	GFP-encoding plasmid DNA	Successful delivery of genes into the nucleus	[159]
Salmonella typhimurium YB1	PLGA	ICG	Photothermal ability to eradicate solid tumors	[160]
Microbial poly-(amino acids)	–	Poly(y-glutamic acid) (PGGA) NP	Drug delivery; antibiotic	[161]
S. typhimurium VNP20009	PLGA	–	Remarkable nanoparticle retention and distribution in solid tumors	[162]
Escherichia coli MG1655	Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles	–	Effective tumor colonization and Fenton-like reaction to cure cancer	[163]
B–acterial EPS	–	Gellan gum based floating bead	Drug delivery; antibiotic	[164]
	Magnetic NP	MNP-Gellan gum/Mauran nanocomplex	Drug delivery and targeting	[165]
Magnetotactic bacteria	Bacterial magnetosome	BM-PEl-siRNA	Anticancer Gene delivery	[166]
	Bacterial magnetic nanoparticle (BMP)	BMP-PEI/DNA	Gene delivery	[154]
	Bacterial magnetosome	Plasmid/Drug loaded BM	Drug/Gene delivery	[167]
	Bacterial magnetosome	Genipin (GP) and poly-I-glutamic acid (PLGA)-modified bacterial magnetosome	Anticancer drug delivery	[168]
	Bacterial magnetosome	Drug-loaded magnetosome	Anticancer delivery	[147]
	Au nanorods	BMP-Au rods-folic acid	Theranostic agents	[155]
Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-I	Bacterial magnetosome	Protein functionalized BM	Labeling tumor markers	[169]
Escherichia coli	Carbon nitride (C3N4) semiconductor nanomaterials	–	Almost 80% tumor regression superior than with E. coli alone (~20%)	[170]
Halomonas maura	–	Chitosan-Mauran EPS nanocomposite	Drug delivery; 5-FU	[171]
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1	Manganese dioxide nanoflowers	–	MnO2 serves as tumor metabolite, lactic acid performs as an electron donor in cancer cells	[172]