Table 5.

Previous and Ongoing Clinical Trials Involving Tumor-Targeting Bacteria and Cancer Bearing Human Subjects

Bacterial Strain	Cancer Type/Number of Samples	Phase	References
Clostridium novyi-NT	Colorectal cancer/2	I	https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00358397
	Solid tumor malignancies/5	I	https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01118819
	Solid tumor malignancies/24	I	https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01924689
Clostridium novyi-NT NCT03435952	Refractory advanced solid tumors/18- recruiting	Ib	https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03435952
Listeria monocytogenes	Metastatic pancreatic tumors/90	II	[187]
	Cervical cancer/109	II	[188]
	Cervical cancer/450- recruiting	III	https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02853604
S. Typhimurium VNP20009	Metastatic melanoma; metastatic renal cell carcinoma/25	I	[185]
	Melanoma/4	I	[186]
	Patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors	I	http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00004216
	Unspecified adult solid tumors	I	https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00006254
	Neoplasm or neoplasm metastatic tumors/45	I	http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00004988
S. Typhimurium VNP20009 expressing TAPET-CD (cytosine deaminase)	Head and neck or esophageal adenocarcinoma/3	I	[42]
S. Typhimurium expressing human IL-2	Liver cancer/22	I	https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01099631
S. Typhimurium Ty21a VXM01	Pancreatic cancer/26	I	[189]