Table 4.

Scale-level sleep practices descriptive statistics, intercorrelations, and associations with sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment

	Descriptive statistics					Spearman correlations					One-way ANOVA, F(p) Pairwise comparisonsa
Scale	M (SD)	Possible range	Observed range	% min	% max	1	2	3	4	5	Sleep disturbance	Sleep-related impairment
1. Timingb	0.97 (1.22)	0–4	0–4	50.33	5.69	--					2.81 (< 0.05) 0,1,2,3 < 4	2.96 (< 0.05) 0,1 < 4
2. Routines/ consistencyc	3.34 (1.80)	0–6	0–6	8.82	16.24	0.25	--				20.62 (<.0001) 0,1,2 < 3,4 < 5,6	20.59 (<.0001) 0 < 1,2,3 < 4,5,6
3. Δ weekday vs. weekend sleep opportunity	0.76 (0.93)	0–2	0–2	58.0	34.0	0.37	0.21	--			1.85 (0.1595)	9.35 (< .001) 0 < 2
4. Technology use before bed	1.38 0.67	0–2	0–2	10.68	48.22	0.28	0.30	0.28	--		25.63 (<.0001) 0 < 1 < 2	46.71 (<.0001) 0 < 1 < 2
5. Room environmentd	0.89 (1.08)	0–6	0–4	50.54	0.00	0.02	0.28	−0.02	0.06	--	62.19 (<.0001) 0 < 1 < 2,3 < 4	49.98 (<.0001) 0 < 1 < 2,3,4
6. Presence of someone elsef	0.37 (0.72)	0–2	0–2	77.03	14.42	−0.07	0.09	−0.08	0.03	0.19	17.53 (<.0001) 0,1 < 2	10.44 (<.001) 0,1 < 2

Notes:

^aMultiple pairwise comparisons using Tukey’s honest significant difference test;

^bweekday bedtime (time) + weekday sleep opportunity;

^cFollowed a bedtime routine + Tried to fall asleep at about the same time every night + Woke up at about the same time every morning;

^dProblems sleeping because too noisy + Problems sleeping because too hot or too cold + Problems sleeping because too much light.