Table 5.

Published studies examining the effects of probiotics supplementation on psoriasis in animals.

Study	Country	Model	Intervention	Measurements	Main findings	Duration
Chen et al. 2017 [20]	Taiwan, China	Imiquimod- (IMQ-) induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model, BALB/c mice, 6-8 weeks old	G1: control; G2: model; G3: Lactobacillus pentosus GMNL-77 (5 × 107 CFU/d); G4: Lactobacillus pentosus GMNL-77 (5 × 108 CFU/d)	Skin lesions, inflammatory cytokines, the number of Th17/Th22 T cells	1. Oral administration of L. pentosus GMNL-77 may decrease erythematous scaling lesions 2. L. pentosus GMNL-77 may decrease the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-23, IL-17A/F, and IL-22 mRNA 3. L. pentosus GMNL-77 may decrease the number of Th17/Th22 T cells	6 days
Rather et al. 2018 [21]	Korea	IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model, ICR mice, 6 weeks old	G1: control (n = 6); G2: model (n = 6); G3: Lactobacillus sakei Probio65 SEL001 (n = 6)	Skin lesions, vertical skin thickness, pathological changes, IL-17A, IL-19, and IL-23 mRNA expression	1. SEL001 may improve skin lesions and decrease vertical skin thickness 2. SEL001 improved pathological changes 3. SEL001 may decrease the expression of IL-19, IL-17A, and IL-23 mRNA	6 days
Wang et al. 2019 [22]	China	IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model, BALB/c mice, 6-8 weeks old	G1: control (n = 5); G2: model (n = 5); G3: Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 low dose (n = 5); G4: Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 high dose (n = 5)	Skin lesions, vertical skin thickness, pathological changes, serum inflammatory factors, Th17/Treg-related factor mRNA	1. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 may improve skin lesions and decrease vertical skin thickness 2. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 improved pathological changes 3. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 may decrease serum IL-8, IL-23, IL-10, and TNF-α levels and increase serum IL-10 level 4. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 may decrease the expression of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-23, and TNF-α mRNA and increase the expression of IL-10 mRNA	24 days