Table 1.

Summarized table of experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease.

Classification	Types	Characteristics	References
Chemical model	DSS	Damage to epithelial cells and mucosal barrier function	Chassinng et al. [16]
		Erosions/ulcers, loss of crypts, and infiltration of granulocytes	Okayasu et al. [17]
	TNBS	Immune response mediated by Th1 and characterized by an infiltration of CD4 T-cells, neutrophils, and macrophage	da Sliva et al. [20]
		Leading to transmural colitis	Martinez-Moya et al. [22]
	Oxazolone	Immune response mediated by Th2 cells	Kojima et al. [31]
		Inflammation of the mucous membranes, epithelial microulcerations, and histopathological changes in the distal colon
Immunological model	Adoptive T-cell transfer	Immune response mediated by Th1 cell linked to the production of IFN-g and TNF-a	Corazza et al. [42]
Genetic model	IL-10 knockout	Inflammatory response mediated by Th1 cells	Berg et al. [60]
Spontaneous mutation model	Samp1/YitFc	Intermittent inflammation and consists of inflammation containing granulomas	Kosiewicz et al. [74]
Microbiome-induced models	Gut microbiota	The diversity of the intestinal microbiota decreases and is enriched with Firmicutes; there are also increases in the number of proteobacteria and bacteroids	Qin et al. [77] and Frank et al. [79]
			Manichanh et al. [81]