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. 2021 Dec 13;3(12):1648–1661. doi: 10.1038/s42255-021-00489-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a, Two weeks after Pex2 knockout induction, livers were collected and hepatic proteins were analyzed by IB, as indicated (wild-type n = 7; Pex2KO n = 9). b, PEX2–FLAG was expressed for 2 weeks before liver collection and homogenization. IP and IB were conducted using the indicated antibodies. Experiments were repeated four times. c,d, PEX2–FLAG was expressed in the liver of CatKO or Acox1KO mice. IP and IB were conducted using the indicated antibodies (n = 9 (c); n = 4 (d)). e, PEX2–FLAG was expressed in the liver of wild-type mice. After 2 weeks, NAC was administered to the mice via intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 500 mg kg⁻¹ body weight for 24 h. IP and IB were conducted using the indicated antibodies (n = 8). f, NAC was administered to the Pex2KO KO mice for 24 h. Livers were collected and hepatic proteins were analysed by IB (n = 5 for Pex2KO for both conditions). g, ATGL levels in human liver biopsies were analysed by IB and the relative ATGL levels are presented (50 human samples). P = 0.0372 using a Spearman test. h, Wild-type mice with PEX2–FLAG expression in the liver were challenged with HFD for 16 weeks. IP and IB were conducted using the indicated antibodies (n = 5). i, Wild-type and AtglKO mice were fed with NCD, HFD and HFD plus NAC (40 mM) in drinking water for 8 weeks. Liver lipids were extracted for TAG level determination (for wild-type mice, NCD n = 6, HFD n = 7, HFD + NAC n = 7; for AtglKO mice, n = 7). NCD, normal chow diet. j, Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining images of livers from wild-type or AtglKO mice fed on HFD and NAC-containing water for 8 weeks. Scale bar, 100 μm. Experiments were repeated three times. k, Working model illustrating the whole pathway in which peroxisomal β-oxidation generates H₂O₂ to stabilize PEX2 protein, resulting in increased ATGL degradation and decreased lipolysis in turn. Results are shown as the mean ± s.e.m. analysed using a two-sided Student’s t-test.

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