Fig. 5. Altered insulin-evoked signalling in IR^ΔTan mice.

a,b, Parametric maps of P values from paired t-test of differences in cumulative glucose metabolism over the recorded time determined by [18 F]FDG PET between insulin-stimulated (16-h fasted, i.p. 0.325 IU kg⁻¹ insulin) and NaCl (0.9%)-injected, anaesthetized IR^mKate2 and IR^ΔTan mice (n = 8/IR^mKate2; n = 10/IR^ΔTan). Brain regions that had significantly reduced cumulative glucose metabolism in IR^mKate2 were not altered in IR^ΔTan mice (a), and brain regions that had significantly reduced signal in IR^Δtan remained unaltered in IR^mKate2 (b). Blue colour scale indicates regions where metabolism at NaCl > insulin (inhibition on insulin injection). Sagittal reference image inserts show location of corresponding coronal plates⁸⁶. C_e/C_p is the ratio of tissue and blood glucose concentrations, a blood glucose level-insensitive measure for glucose metabolism. CP, caudate putamen; BNST/LPO, bed nucleus of stria terminalis/lateral preoptic area; PAG, periaqueductal grey; RN, reticular nucleus; ZI/aSNR, zona incerta/anterior substantia nigra; pSNR, posterior substantia nigra; MV, medial vestibular nucleus; SPV, spinal vestibular nucleus. Paired, two-sided Student’s t-test. a, For IR^mKate2 P(CP) = 0.0007, P(BNST/LPO) = 0.0056, P(LPO) = 0.0003, P(VMH/LH) = 0.0109, P(PAG) = 0.0015, P(RN) = 0.0097, b, For IR^ΔTan P(ZI/aSNR) = 0.003, P(pSNR) = 0.0023, P(MV) = 0.0006, P(SPV) = 0.0105. Data are represented as the mean ± s.e.m. * - P <0.05, ** - P <0.01, *** - P <0.001.

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