Table 1:

Patient Characteristics of Medicare Enrollees, 2000–2019

	2000	2019
Number of Beneficiaries	6,140,952	7,165,513
Median Age (IQR)	73 (68–80)	72 (67–78)
Age Categories
Under 65	14.5%	14.0%
65 to 69	19.4%	25.4%
70 to 74	22.0%	23.8%
75 to 79	19.0%	15.6%
80 to 84	13.0%	10.2%
85 to 89	7.5%	6.4%
90 +	4.5%	4.7%
Female	56.9%	53.1%
Race/Ethnicity
White	85.4%	77.5%
Black	9.4%	9.0%
Asian	1.3%	3.2%
Other Race	1.7%	3.5%
Hispanic	2.3%	6.8%
Reason for Medicare Entitlement
Age >65	79.1%	77.7%
Disability	20.3%	21.6%
ESRD	0.3%	0.4%
ESRD and Disability	0.3%	0.3%
Non-Rural (Metro) Residence	69.9%	72.3%

Abbreviations: end-stage renal disease (ESRD), interquartile range (IQR),

This Table shows the characteristics of Medicare beneficiaries included in our study sample in 2000 and 2019. We included all beneficiaries who were alive and had continuous enrollment in fee-for-service Medicare Parts A and B for a minimum of one year. All differences between the 2000 and 2019 beneficiary characteristics were statistically significant p<0.001.