Table 3. VAS, NDI, and JOA Scores before and after Cervical Artificial Disc Replacement.

Arm VAS		Neck VAS		NDI		JOA
Preoperative	Last follow-up	Preoperative	Last follow-up	Preoperative	Last follow-up	Preoperative	Last follow-up
6.88±1.24	1.77±1.39 (p<0.001*)	5.24±0.89	2.24±1.14 (p<0.001*)	19.82±2.72	7.25±2.41 (p<0.001*)	14.04±1.21	16.16± 0.90 (p<0.001*)

VAS, visual analog scale; NDI, Neck Disability Index; JOA, Japanese Orthopedic Association.

All data are expressed as mean±SD.

^*p<0.05. Statistics using paired t test were used to obtain p values for normally distributed data. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess the differences between pairs of data for non-normally distributed data analysis.