Table 3.
Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of each method with prognosis.
| Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) | Accuracy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Super-)RSE (n = 19) or not (n = 32) | |||||
| ASL, anya | 89.5 | 9.4 | 37.0 | 60.0 | 39.2 |
| ASL, hypera | 89.5 | 21.9 | 40.5 | 77.8 | 47.1 |
| Thalamic, any | 36.0 | 61.5 | 47.4 | 50.0 | 49.0 |
| Thalamic, ipsi | 30.0 | 58.1 | 31.6 | 56.3 | 47.1 |
| DSC | 36.8 | 59.4 | 35.0 | 61.3 | 51.0 |
| FLAIR | 63.2 | 53.1 | 44.4 | 70.8 | 56.9 |
| DWI | 52.6 | 75.0 | 55.6 | 72.7 | 66.7 |
| Poor outcome (mRS ≥ 4; n = 19) or not (n = 32) | |||||
| ASL, anya | 100.0 | 15.6 | 41.3 | 100.0 | 47.1 |
| ASL, hypera | 94.7 | 25.0 | 42.9 | 88.9 | 51.0 |
| Thalamic, any | 44.0 | 69.2 | 57.9 | 56.3 | 56.9 |
| Thalamic, ipsi | 45.0 | 67.7 | 47.4 | 65.6 | 58.8 |
| DSC | 52.6 | 68.8 | 50.0 | 71.0 | 62.7 |
| FLAIR | 57.9 | 50.0 | 40.7 | 66.7 | 52.9 |
| DWI | 52.6 | 75.0 | 55.6 | 72.7 | 66.7 |
| EEG | 84.2 | 15.6 | 37.2 | 62.5 | 41.2 |
| STESS (≥ 4) | 73.7 | 71.9 | 60.9 | 82.1 | 72.5 |
| STESS (≥ 3) | 89.5 | 50.0 | 51.5 | 88.9 | 64.7 |
| EMSE (> 55) | 84.2 | 65.6 | 59.3 | 87.5 | 72.5 |
| EMSE (> 35) | 100.0 | 53.1 | 55.9 | 100.0 | 70.6 |
| Ictal activities + IIC (n = 28) or not (n = 23) | |||||
| ASL, anya | 92.9 | 13.0 | 56.5 | 60.0 | 56.9 |
| ASL, hypera | 92.9 | 30.4 | 61.9 | 77.8 | 64.7 |
| Thalamic, any | 64.0 | 53.8 | 57.1 | 60.9 | 58.8 |
| Thalamic, ipsi | 60.0 | 48.4 | 42.9 | 65.2 | 52.9 |
| DSC | 50.0 | 73.9 | 70.0 | 54.8 | 60.8 |
| FLAIR | 50.0 | 43.5 | 51.9 | 41.7 | 47.1 |
| DWI | 46.4 | 78.3 | 72.2 | 54.5 | 60.8 |
aAny, any change including both hyper- and hypo-perfusion; hyper, only hyperperfusion.
PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, RSE refractory status epilepticus, ASL arterial spin labeling, DSC dynamic susceptibility contrast, FLAIR fluid attenuated inversion recovery, DWI diffusion weighted imaging, mRS modified Rankin Scale, EEG electroencephalography, STESS status epilepticus severity score, EMSE epidemiology-based mortality score in status epilepticus, IIC ictal-interictal continuum.