Table 2.
Interaction ratio of odds ratios (ROR) of contact with nature on the associations between social inclusivity, perceived overcrowding, and population density and momentary loneliness.
| ROR (95% CI) | ROR (95% CI) | ROR (95% CI) | ROR (95% CI) | ROR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall sample | 25% response ratea (n = 756) | 50% response ratea (n = 397) | 75% response ratea (n = 113) | 50% response rateb (n = 397) | 50% response ratec (n = 397) |
| Nature * Social Inc | 1.13*** (1.07, 1.18) | 1.18*** (1.11, 1.25) | 1.20*** (1.08, 1.33) | 1.18*** (1.11, 1.25) | 1.09*** (1.04, 1.14) |
| Nature * Overcrowded | 0.95 (0.74, 1.21) | 0.90 (0.67, 1.21) | 0.73 (0.42, 1.26) | 0.90 (0.67, 1.21) | 1.05 (0.79, 1.40) |
| England and Wales sample | 25% response ratea (n = 274) | 50% response ratea (n = 138) | 75% response ratea (n = 32) | 50% response rateb (n = 138) | 50% response ratec (n = 138) |
| Nature * Population density | 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.19) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) |
Ratio of odds ratio (ROR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between self-reported momentary loneliness scores and (1) feelings of social inclusivity by contact with nature (2) crowdedness by contact with nature (3) population density by contact with nature at the 25%, 50%, and 75% response rates.
*p < 0.05.
**p < 0.01.
***p < 0.001.
aUnadjusted interactions between momentary loneliness scores and (1) feelings of social inclusivity by contact with nature; (2) crowdedness by contact with nature; (3) population density by contact with nature.
bAdjusted interactions controlled for age, gender, ethnicity, education and occupation.
cAdjusted interactions controlled for age, gender, ethnicity, education and occupation, plus the Multiple Imputations Chained Equations (MICE) procedure was employed for the main sample who completed more than 50% of the momentary assessments.