Table 2.

Lung function and cardiopulmonary exercise testing results.

	All Fontan Participants		“Super-Fontan”		Control		p-value
	n		n		n
FEV1, percent predicted	37	80.6 ± 11.7	10	85.7 ± 10.4	27	78.7 ± 11.7	0.11
FVC, percent predicted	37	79.9 ± 9.8	10	85.0 ± 7.8	27	78.0 ± 9.9	0.05
FEV1/FVC ratio	37	0.85 ± 0.06	10	0.85 ± 0.06	27	0.85 ± 0.06	0.93
Peak VO2, percent predicted	60	66.8 ± 17.1	15	89.4 ± 7.1	45	59.3 ± 12.0	<0.001
Peak work rate, percent predicted	60	71.7 ± 21.5	15	98.0 ± 9.7	45	63.0 ± 16.6	<0.001
VO2 at AT, percentage of predicted VO2	58	44.4 ± 14.9	14	60.2 ± 16.2	44	39.4 ± 10.3	<0.001
Oxygen pulse, percent predicted	60	87.0 ± 23.0	15	108.7 ± 15.6	45	79.7 ± 20.4	<0.001
Maximal HR, percent predicted	60	78.1 ± 13.7	15	83.3 ± 9.2	45	76.4 ± 14.6	0.09
HRR, bpm	60	65.7 ± 27	15	83.2 ± 20.4	45	59.9 ± 26.6	0.003
Chronotropic index, percent predicted	40	109.2 ± 36.9	11	99.1 ± 23.1	29	113.0 ± 40.6	0.19
Peak SpO2, percent	56	90.4 ± 7.2	13	91.2 ± 6.9	43	90.2 ± 7.4	0.57
ΔSpO2, percent	56	3.6 ± 4.6	13	4.3 ± 5.2	43	3.4 ± 4.5	0.56
Peak RER	60	1.21 ± 0.11	15	1.12 ± 0.07	45	1.22 ± 0.11	0.04
Peak circulatory power, mm Hg × mL/kg/min	53	3,425 ± 1,454	13	4,739 ± 1,519	40	2,998 ± 1,161	<0.001
Peak VE, L/min	60	72.1 ± 21.8	15	85.6 ± 21.7	45	67.7 ± 20.1	0.01
Peak VE/VCO2	60	37.3 ± 8.6	15	35.9 ± 8.3	45	37.7 ± 8.7	0.54
Breathing reserve, percent	37	35.5 ± 17.8	10	28.6 ± 23.6	27	38.1 ± 14.8	0.15

AT, anerobic threshold; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; HR, heart rate; HRR, heart rate reserve; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; SpO₂, arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry; VE, minute ventilation; VO₂, oxygen uptake; VCO₂, carbon dioxide production. Bold values denote statistical significance (p < 0.05).