Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study subjects based on NAFLD status.
| Characteristic | NAFLD or Not | Degree of NAFLD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-NAFLD | NAFLD | P Value | Mild NAFLD | Moderate NAFLD | Severe NAFLD | P Value | |
| Participants (%) | 17,383 (64.1) | 9729 (35.9) | 6934 (71.3) | 2542 (26.1) | 253 (2.6) | ||
| Age, y | 42 (21) | 47 (18) | <0.001 | 48 (18) | 46 (17) | 43 (22) | <0.001 |
| Sex (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Men | 9310 (53.6) | 8057 (82.8) | 5683 (82.0) | 2153 (84.7) | 221 (87.4) | ||
| Women | 8073 (46.4) | 1672 (17.2) | 1251 (18.0) | 389 (15.3) | 32 (12.6) | ||
| RBC, cells×1012/L | 4.80 ± 0.45 | 5.07 ± 0.40 | <0.001 | 5.05 ± 0.40 | 5.12 ± 0.39 † | 5.13 ± 0.44 † | <0.001 |
| Hb, g/L | 146 (23) | 156 (16) | <0.001 | 156 (16) | 158 (15) † | 157 (14) | <0.001 |
| Diet (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Vegetarian | 3579 (20.6) | 1317 (13.5) | 996 (14.4) | 298 (11.7) | 23 (9.1) | ||
| Dishes mix | 12,583 (72.4) | 7111 (73.1) | 5096 (73.5) | 1838 (72.3) | 177 (70.0) | ||
| Meatatarian | 1221 (7.0) | 1301 (13.4) | 842 (12.1) | 406 (16.0) | 53 (20.9) | ||
| Smoking (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Non-smoker | 13,997 (80.5) | 6298 (64.7) | 4503 (64.9) | 1634 (64.3) | 161 (63.6) | ||
| Smoker | 3386 (19.5) | 3431 (35.3) | 2431 (35.1) | 908 (35.7) | 92 (26.4) | ||
| Exercise (%) | 0.466 | <0.001 | |||||
| Occasionally | 12,687 (73.0) | 7070 (72.6) | 4930 (71.1) | 1920 (75.5) | 210 (83.0) | ||
| Regularly | 4696 (27.0) | 2669 (27.4) | 2004 (28.9) | 622 (24.5) | 43 (17.0) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.36 ± 2.93 | 27.06 ± 2.88 | <0.001 | 26.53 ± 2.60 | 28.18 ± 3.00 † | 30.41 ± 3.54 † ‡ | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 116 (24) | 128 (22) | <0.001 | 127 (22) | 131 (21) † | 135(21) † ‡ | <0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.10 (0.72) | 5.44 (1.04) | <0.001 | 5.38 (0.93) | 5.62 (1.22) † | 5.73 (1.96) † ‡ | <0.001 |
| TG, mmol/L | 0.99 (0.65) | 1.69 (1.17) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.08) | 1.94 (1.41) † | 2.21 (1.52) † | <0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.00 ± 0.92 | 5.36 ± 0.97 | <0.001 | 5.32 ± 0.95 | 5.45 ± 0.99 † | 5.46 ± 1.03 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.43 ± 0.34 | 1.21 ± 0.26 | <0.001 | 1.23 ± 0.26 | 1.17 ± 0.25 † | 1.13 ± 0.23 † | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.86 ± 0.79 | 3.19 ± 0.84 | <0.001 | 3.17 ± 0.82 | 3.23 ± 0.87 † | 3.24 ± 0.88 | <0.001 |
| AST, IU/L | 20 (6) | 23 (7) | <0.001 | 22 (7) | 25 (12) † | 29 (14) † ‡ | <0.001 |
| ALT, IU/L | 17 (10) | 26 (17) | <0.001 | 24 (15) | 33 (25) † | 47 (36) † ‡ | <0.001 |
NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Non-NAFLD, without NAFLD; y, years; RBC, red blood cell; Hb, hemoglobin; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase.
Data with normal distributions are reported using mean ± standard deviation; data with nonnormal distributions are reported using median (interquartile range); data with categorical variables are reported using number (percent). †P < 0.05 vs mild NAFLD; ‡P < 0.05 vs moderate NAFLD.