TABLE 2.

Prospective and Retrospective Studies on Statins and HCC

	Year	Author	Size (N)	Follow‐up (months)	Statin Type	Severity of Disease	Results (HR, 95% CI)
Prospective	2019	Jouve et al. 56	323	35	Pravastatin	Cirrhosis	No benefit versus sorafenib
	2020	Tran et al. 70	475,768	55	Mixed*	Mixed	HCC reduction (0.61, 0.43‐0.87)
Retrospective	2005	Friis et al. 71	348,262	40	Mixed	No cirrhosis	Reduced cancer, HCC (0.86, 0.78‐0.95)
	2008	Friedman et al. 72	361,859	113	Mixed (75% lovastatin)	No cirrhosis	HCC reduction favored to be confounding
	2009	El‐Serag et al. 50	6518	29	Mixed	Mixed	HCC reduction (0.74, 0.64‐0.87)
	2011	Chiu et al. 73	2332	48	Mixed (46% ATV)	Mixed	HCC reduction (0.62, 0.42‐0.91)
	2011	Marelli et al. 74	91,714	55	Mixed	No cirrhosis	No change in total cancer risk
	2012	Tsan et al. 75	33,411	12	Mixed	Mixed	Dose‐dependent HCC reduction (0.53, 0.49‐0.58)
	2013	Tsan et al. 76	260,864	12	Mixed (47% ATV)	Mixed	Dose‐dependent HCC reduction (0.47, 0.36‐0.61)
	2014	McGlynn et al. 77	562	132	Mixed	Mixed	HCC reduction (0.32, 0.15‐0.67)
	2014	Björkhem‐Bergman et al. 78	105,715	54	Mixed (86% SMV)	No cirrhosis	HCC reduction (0.88, 0.81‐0.96)
	2015	Chen et al. 79	71,847	108	Mixed	Mixed	HCC reduction (0.28, 0.23‐0.35)
	2015	Hsiang et al. 67	73,499	24	Mixed (85% SMV, ATV)	No cirrhosis	HCC reduction (0.68, 0.48–0.97)
	2016	Simon et al. 39	9135	168	ATV, fluvastatin	Mixed	Dose‐dependent HCC reduction (0.60, 0.07‐0.90)
	2017	Kawaguchi et al. 53	734	132	Mixed	Mixed	Reduced HCC recurrence (0.34, P = 0.005)
	2017	Kim et al. 51	1374	144	Mixed	Mixed	HCC reduction (0.36, 0.22‐0.60)
	2018	Kim et al. 80	9852	144	Mixed (67% SMV, ATV)	Mixed	HCC reduction (0.44, 0.33‐0.58)
	2019	Menon and Mathew 81	12,861	288	Mixed	Mixed	HCC reduction (0.993, 0.992‐0.994)
	2019	Cho et al. 54	347	60	Mixed	No cirrhosis	Reduced HCC recurrence (0.32, 0.11‐0.89)
	2019	Simon et al. 57	63,279	120	Lipophilic	Mixed	HCC reduction (0.56, 0.41‐0.79)
	2020	Goh et al. 82	7713	60	Mixed	Mixed	HCC reduction (0.36, 0.19‐0.68)
	2020	German et al. 52	102	168	Mixed	Cirrhosis	HCC reduction (0.20, 0.07‐0.60)

^*Mixed refers to no cirrhosis and cirrhosis.