Table 5.
Neuroprotective and regenerative effects of protein biologics reported in two or more separate articles.
| Outcome | Anti-LINGO-1 | rHIgM22 | Intracellular sigma peptide | Erythropoietin* | Leukemia inhibitory factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increased viability of OPC and/or OLG | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Preserved quantity, function, or integrity of neurons/axons | ✓ ✓ ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Protected against myelin loss and/or atrophy and lesions | ✓ ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Reduced CNS oxidative stress, apoptosis, or cellular dysfunction | ✓ | ||||
| Promoted blood–brain barrier integrity | ✓ | ||||
| Suppressed inflammatory microglial and/or astrocyte activation | ✓ ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Promoted NPC/OPC proliferation or differentiation | ✓ | ✓ ✓ | |||
| Induced formation of new myelin | ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ | |
| Suppressed myelin inhibitory factors | ✓ ✓ ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Improved neurological function (physical or cognitive) | ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ | ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ||
| Relevant miscellaneous effect | Opicinumab is safe and tolerable in humans | Safe and tolerable in humans | |||
| Animal models/clinical studies | LPC, EAE, optic nerve injury, and phase II trial | Cuprizone, TMEV, and phase I trial | LPC and EAE | Cuprizone | Cuprizone and LPC |
EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; LPC: lysophosphatidylcholine; NPC: neural precursor cell; OLG: oligodendrocyte; OPC: oligodendrocyte precursor cell; TMEV: Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus.
Each check (✓) represents an observed outcome from an individual study.
*
Indicates existing FDA or Health Canada approval.