Table 8.

Reported neuroprotective and regenerative effects of dietary and physiological interventions in preclinical and clinical studies.

Outcome	Cholesterol rich diet	Omega-3-rich diet	Fasting	Exercise	Electroacupuncture	Environmental enhancement
Increased viability of OPC and/or OLG				✓✓✓	✓
Preserved quantity, function, or integrity of neurons/axons	✓	✓✓	✓	✓
Protected against myelin loss and/or atrophy and lesions		✓✓✓	✓	✓	✓✓	✓
Reduced CNS oxidative stress, apoptosis, or cellular dysfunction			✓
Stimulated the production of neurotrophins and growth factors	✓			✓✓✓	✓
Suppressed inflammatory micro-glial and/or astrocyte activation	✓	✓✓		✓✓✓✓	✓
Promoted NPC/OPC proliferation or differentiation	✓		✓✓	✓	✓
Induced migration and recruitment of NPC/OPC				✓
Induced formation of new myelin	✓		✓✓	✓
Increased clearance of axonal myelin debris			✓	✓	✓
Improved neurological function (physical or cognitive)	✓	✓✓✓	✓	✓✓✓	✓✓✓	✓
Relevant miscellaneous effect		Metabolized and incorporated into brain biochemicals
Animal models/clinical studies	Cuprizone, LPC, and EAE	Cuprizone	EAE, EtBr, cuprizone, and pilot trial	Cuprizone and LPC	Cuprizone, EtBr, and EAE	Cuprizone

EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; EtBr: ethidium bromide; LPC: lysophosphatidylcholine; NPC: neural precursor cell; OLG: oligodendrocyte; OPC: oligodendrocyte precursor cell.

Each check (✓) represents an observed outcome from an individual study.