Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study group (n = 180).
| Characteristics | Total n = 180 | Home environment n = 90 | Nursing homes n = 90 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Mean ± SD | 74.1 ± 8.8 | 68.3 ± 3.5 | 79.9 ± 8.7 | p < 0.001 |
| Sex n (%) |
men | 27 (15) | 10 (11.1) | 17 (18.9) | NS |
| women | 153 (85) | 80 (88.9) | 73 (81.1) | ||
| Marital status n (%) |
married | 62 (34.4) | 46 (51.1) | 16 (17.8) | p < 0.001 |
| not married/single | 26 (14.4) | 14 (15.6) | 12 (13.3) | NS | |
| widowed | 92 (51.1) | 30 (33.3) | 62 (68.9) | p < 0.001 | |
| Economic status n (%) |
good | 53 (29.4) | 35 (38.9) | 18 (20) | p = 0.009 |
| average | 104 (57.8) | 55 (611) | 49 (54.4) | NS | |
| bad | 23 (12.8) | 0 (0.0) | 23 (25.6) | p < 0.001 | |
| Education n (%) |
primary | 62 (34.4) | 24 (26.7) | 38 (42.2) | p = 0.04 |
| secondary | 45 (25) | 27 (30) | 18 (20) | NS | |
| polytechnic | 45 (25) | 24 (26.7) | 21 (23.3) | NS | |
| university | 28 (15.6) | 15 (16.6) | 13 (14.5) | NS | |
| Place of living n (%) | urban | 159 (88.3) | 74 (82.2) | 85 (94.4) | p = 0.02 |
| rural | 21 (11.7) | 16 (17.8) | 5 (5.6) | ||
| Living status n (%) |
alone | 104 (57.8) | 30 (33.3) | 74 (82.2) | p < 0.001 |
| with family | 76 (42.2) | 60 (66.7) | 16 (17.8) | p < 0.001 | |
| Number of diseases n (%) |
Mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 1.6 | p < 0.001 |
| 3 or more | 69 (38.3) | 19 (21.1) | 50 (55.6) | p < 0.001 | |
| Duration of illness (years) n (%) |
1–15 | 112 (62.2) | 70 (77.8) | 42 (467) | p < 0.001 |
| over 15 | 68 (37.8) | 20 (22.2) | 48 (53.3) | p < 0.001 | |
| Number of medicines n (%) |
mean ± SD | 4.9 ± 3.0 | 3.9 ± 2.1 | 6.0 ± 3.4 | p < 0.001 |
| 0 | 6 (3.3) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (5.6) | ——— | |
| 1–5 | 120 (66.7) | 75 (83.3) | 45 (50) | p < 0.001 | |
| 6 or more | 60 (33.3) | 15 (16.7) | 45 (50) | p < 0.001 | |
| Use of glasses | |||||
| n (%) | 141 (78.3) | 70 (77.8) | 71 (78.9) | NS | |
| Use of a hearing aid | |||||
| n (%) | 19 (10.6) | 4 (4.4) | 15 (16.7) | p = 0.02 | |
n, number of respondents; %, percentage of respondents; SD, standard deviation; NS, not significant; p, p value for Student's t-test for independent samples; p, p value for comparison between residential homes and nursing homes for Pearson's chi2 test/Fisher's exact test, respectively.