Table 3.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics according to SHARE-FI in the study group (n = 180).
| Characteristics | SHARE-FI | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Frail n (%) 84 (46.7) | Pre-Frail n (%) 49 (27.2) | Frail n (%) 47 (26.1) | |||
| Age | Mean ± SD | 69.0 ± 5.0*† | 76.7 ± 8.5† | 80.7 ± 9.0* | p <0.001 |
| Sex n (%) |
men | 13 (15.5) | 10 (20.4) | 4 (8.5) | NS |
| women | 71 (84.5) | 39 (79.6) | 43 (915) | ||
| Marital status n (%) |
married | 44 (52.4) | 9 (18.4) | 9 (19.2) | p < 0.001 |
| not married/single | 17 (20.2) | 4 (8.2) | 5 (10.6) | NS | |
| widowed | 23 (27.4) | 36 (73.4) | 33 (70.2) | p < 0.001 | |
| Economic status n (%) |
good | 36 (42.9) | 7 (14.3) | 10 (21.3) | p < 0.001 |
| average | 48 (57.1) | 30 (61.2) | 26 (55.3) | NS | |
| bad | 0 (0.0) | 12 (24.5) | 11(23.4) | p < 0.001 | |
| Education n (%) |
primary | 16 (19.1) | 27(55.1) | 19 (40.4) | p < 0.001 |
| secondary | 21 (25.0) | 12 (24.5) | 12 (25.5) | NS | |
| polytechnic | 28 (33.3) | 8 (16.3) | 9 (19.2) | NS | |
| university | 19 (22.6) | 2 (4.1) | 7 (14.9) | p = 0.02 | |
| Living status n (%) |
alone | 33 (39.3) | 37 (75.5) | 34 (72.3) | p < 0.001 |
| with family | 51 (60.7) | 12 (24.5) | 13 (27.7) | p < 0.001 | |
| Duration of illness (years) n (%) |
1–15 | 67 (79.8) | 27 (55.1) | 18 (38.3) | p < 0.001 |
| Over 15 | 17 (20.2) | 22 (44.9) | 29 (61.7) | p < 0.001 | |
| Number of diseases (mean ± SD) | 1.9 ± 0.9*† | 2.6 ± 1.4 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | p < 0.001 | |
| Number of medicines (mean ± SD) | 3.5 ± 1.9*† | 5.6 ± 2.7† | 6.7 ± 3.5* | p < 0.001 | |
| Use of glasses | |||||
| n (%) | 4 (3.8) | 4 (6.2) | 10 (2.4) | NS | |
| Use of a hearing aid | |||||
| n (%) | 4 (4.8) | 4 (8.2) | 11 (23.4) | p = 0.003 | |
| MMSE | mean ± SD | 27.6 ± 2.3*† | 24.6 ± 4.0 | 23.9 ± 4.5 | p < 0.001 |
| 24–26 n (%) | 5 (6.0) | 15 (30.6) | 15 (31.9) | p < 0.001 | |
| 27–30 n (%) | 79 (94.0) | 34 (69.4) | 32 (68.1) | p < 0.001 | |
| GDS | mean ± SD | 2.4 ± 2.3*† | 5.4 ± 2.9 | 6.2 ± 2.8 | p < 0.001 |
| 0–5 n (%) | 76 (90.5) | 29 (59.2) | 20 (42.6) | p < 0.001 | |
| 6–15 n (%) | 8 (9.5) | 20 (40.8) | 27 (57.4) | p < 0.001 | |
| WHOQOL-BREF—Environment (0–100) | |||||
| mean ± SD | 16.5 ± 5.2 *† | 23.0 ± 7.5 | 25.2 ± 5.5 | p < 0.001 | |
| Overall quality of life (1–5) | |||||
| mean ± SD | 4.0 ± 0.7 *† | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | p < 0.001 | |
| General health (1–5) | |||||
| mean ± SD | 3.6 ± 0.7 *† | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | p < 0.001 | |
n, number of respondents; %, percentage of respondents; SD, standard deviation; NS, not significant; p, p value for Student's t-test for independent samples; p, p value for comparison between residential homes and nursing homes for Pearson's chi2 test/Fisher's exact test, respectively.
*
Statistical significance (p <0.05) as compared to the pre-frail group.
†
Statistical significance (p <0.05) as compared to the frail group.