Table 1.
The molecular overlap between heterosynaptic and ocular dominance plasticity.
| Molecule | Role in heterosynaptic plasticity | Manipulation | ODP phenotype |
|---|---|---|---|
| NMDA receptors | Induction of compensatory, facilitatory, and cooperative plasticity | APV (antagonist) NR1 antisense oligonucleotide NR1 KO in exc. Cortical neurons NR2B antisense oligonucleotide NR2A KO | No closed eye depression (Bear et al., 1990) No ODP (Roberts et al., 1998) No adult ODP (Sawtell et al., 2003) No ODP in ipsi hemisphere (Cao et al., 2007) No closed eye depression (Cho et al., 2009) |
| BDNF/TrkB | Induction of facilitatory and cooperative plasticity | Premature BDNF expression in exc. cortical neurons | Premature closure of the ODP critical period (Huang et al., 1999) |
| ProBDNF/p75NTR | Induction of compensatory plasticity | p75NTR KO in parvalbumin cells | Restores critical period like ODP in adults (Baho et al., 2019) |
| mGluR | Induction of some forms of compensatory plasticity | mGluR5 heterozygotes Chronic CTEP (negative allosteric modulator) MCPG (antagonist) | No closed eye depression (Dölen et al., 2007) Reduced closed eye depression (Sidorov et al., 2015) No effect on ODP (Hensch and Stryker, 1996) |
| ERK | Activation by H-Ras required for facilitatory plasticity | U0126/PD98059 (MAPK inhibitors) U0126/CGP57380 during sleep (MAPK/Mnk1 inhibitors) | No ODP (Di Cristo et al., 2001) No ODP (Dumoulin et al., 2015) |
| CaMKII | Required for facilitatory plasticity | CaMKIIα KO CaMKIIα autophosphorylation deficient mutant | Diminished ODP (Gordon et al., 1996) Diminished ODP (Taha and Stryker, 2005) |
| Calcineurin | Required for compensatory plasticity | Calcineurin overexpression in exc. cortical neurons | No ODP or critical period closure (Yang et al., 2005) |
| MMP9 | Mediates BDNF induction of facilitatory and cooperative plasticity | GM6001 (MMP inhibitor) MMP9 KO | No open eye potentiation (Spolidoro et al., 2012) Delayed ODP (Kelly et al., 2015) |
| Voltage gated Ca2+ channels | Required on astrocytes for heterosynaptic presynaptic plasticity | TTA-11 (T-type antagonist) Mibefradil (T-type antagonist) | Diminished ODP (Uebele et al., 2009) No open eye potentiation (Yoshimura et al., 2008) |
| H-Ras | Required for facilitatory plasticity | Constitutive activation | Accelerates open eye potentiation (Kaneko et al., 2010) |
| Rac1 | Required for facilitatory plasticity | CNF1 (inhibits GTP hydrolysis, constitutive activation) | Increased open eye potentiation in adult ODP (Cerri et al., 2011) |
| Arc | Required for compensatory plasticity | Arc KO Arc overexpression | No ODP (McCurry et al., 2010) Restores critical period like ODP in adults (Jenks et al., 2017) |
| β-Catenin | Induction of compensatory plasticity | β-Catenin KO in adult exc. Cortical neurons | No effect on adult ODP (Saiepour et al., 2018) |
| Nitric Oxide | Required for presynaptic compensatory plasticity | L-NMMA/L-NOArg (nitric oxide synthase inhibitors) | No effect on ODP (Ruthazer et al., 1996) |
| TNFα | Unknown function | TNFα KO | No open eye potentiation (Kaneko et al., 2008) |
| IGF1 | Unknown function | I.P. injection of IGF1 | No ODP after 7 days (Tropea et al., 2006) |