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. 2021 Dec 20;11(12):e056487. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056487

Table 3.

Haemodynamic response to RSI in patients anaesthetised with standardised dosing regimen of fentanyl, ketamine and rocuronium

Average baseline Average Post-RSI Absolute difference (95% CI) P value
All patients (n=322)
HR (beats/min) 97 (26) 110 (23) +13 (9–17) <0.001
SBP (mm Hg) 142 (34) 132 (35) −10 (−13 to −6) <0.001
MAP (mm Hg) 107 (25) 100 (27) −7 (−9 to −4) <0.001
Hypotensive response 29 (9.0%)
22 (6.6%)
Hypertensive response
Full-dose RSI (n=204)
HR (beats/min) 97 (26) 108 (23) +13 (12–14) <0.001
SBP (mm Hg) 151 (31) 138 (34) −12 (−16 to −7) <0.001
MAP (mm Hg) 113 (23) 104 (26) −8 (−11 to −4) <0.001
Hypotensive response 17 (8.3%)
16 (7.8%)
Hypertensive response
Reduced-dose RSI (n=118)
HR (beats/min) 98 (26) 111 (24) +13 (6–19) <0.001
SBP (mm Hg) 126 (33) 120 (35) −6 (−11 to −1) 0.09
MAP (mm Hg) 96 (24) 92 (27) −4 (−8 to 0) 0.03
Hypotensive response 12 (10.2%)
6 (5.9%)
Hypertensive response
Isolated head injury (n=137)
HR (beats/min) 97 (26) 104 (23) +8 (2 to 14) 0.008
SBP (mm Hg) 146 (32) 134 (32) −12 (−16 to −6) <0.001
MAP (mm Hg) 108 (24) 101 (26) −7 (−11 to −3) <0.001
Hypotensive response 8 (5.8%)
10 (7.3%)
Hypertensive response
Code red patients (n=30)
HR (beats/min) 96 (30) 117 (25) 22 (7 to 38) 0.007
SBP (mm Hg) 109 (24) 101 (27) −9 (−20 to 1) 0.093
MAP (mm Hg) 86 (20) 80 (22) −6 (−15 to 1) 0.112
Hypotensive response 3 (10%)
0 (0%)
Hypertensive response

Categorical data are reported as frequency (n) and percentage (%) and numerical data as mean (SD), or absolute difference (95%).

MAP, mean arterial pressure; RSI, rapid sequence induction; SBP, systolic blood pressure.