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. 2021 Dec 19;11(12):e048296. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048296

Table 3.

Risk of subsequent development of chronic diseases in patients exposed and unexposed to periodontal diseases

All cardiovascular disease Heart failure Ischaemic heart disease Stroke/transient-ischaemic attack Peripheral vascular disease
Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed
No of patients 58 024 232 567 63 402 248 553 60 416 239 402 62 218 245 007 63 519 248 816
No of outcomes, n (%) 3104 (5.35) 10 439 (4.49) 906 (1.43) 2913 (1.17) 1535 (2.54) 4821 (2.01) 1524 (2.45) 4956 (2.02) 615 (0.97) 1716 (0.69)
Person-years 379 982 1 433 611 423 176 1 560 448 398 431 1 489 663 413 659 1 531 088 422 593 1 560 781
IR (per 1000 person-years) 8.17 7.28 2.14 1.87 3.85 3.24 3.68 3.24 1.46 1.1
 Follow-up, median (IQR) 5.49
(2.36 to 9.85)		 5.00
(2.07 to 9.33)		 5.62
(2.45 to 10.10)		 5.15
(2.14 to 9.51)		 5.52
(2.39 to 9.95)		 5.08
(2.11 to 9.42)		 5.59
(2.44 to 10.04)		 5.11
(2.12 to 9.46)		 5.59
(2.43 to 10.05)		 5.14
(2.14 to 9.50)
HR (95% CI)* 1.12
(1.07 to 1.16)		 1.14
(1.06 to 1.23)		 1.19
(1.12 to 1.26)		 1.13
(1.07 to 1.20)		 1.32
(1.20 to 1.45)
P value <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
aHR (95% CI)† 1.18
(1.13 to 1.23)		 1.15
(1.07 to 1.24)		 1.22
(1.16 to 1.30)		 1.16
(1.10 to 1.23)		 1.32
(1.20 to 1.45)
P value <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
  Vascular dementia All cardiometabolic disease Type 2 diabetes mellitus Hypertension All autoimmune conditions
Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed
No of patients 64 233 250 798 52 058 208 333 60 947 240 819 53 538 212 512 59 114 235 471
No of outcomes, n (%) 262 (0.41) 849 (0.34) 5005 (9.61) 17 822 (8.55) 2654 (4.35) 7762 (3.22) 4146 (7.74) 15 340 (7.22) 1945 (3.29) 5674 (2.41)
Person-years 429 726 1 578 418 323 472 1 218 325 397 557 1 486 326 335 761 1 252 770 334 525 1 325 645
IR (per 1000 person-years) 0.61 0.54 15.47 14.63 6.68 5.22 12.35 12.24 5.81 4.28
 Follow-up, median (IQR) 5.63
(2.46 to 10.12)		 5.17
(2.15 to 9.51)		 5.10
(2.16 to 9.38)		 4.61
(1.90 to 8.82)		 5.44
(2.34 to 9.83)		 5.01
(2.08 to 9.34)		 5.16
(2.19 to 9.48)		 4.67
(1.92 to 8.89)		 4.34
(1.73 to 8.60)		 4.34
(1.73 to 8.54)
HR (95% CI)* 1.12
(0.97 to 1.29)		 1.05
(1.02 to 1.09)		 1.27
(1.22 to 1.33)		 1.01
(0.97 to 1.04)		 1.34
(1.28 to 1.41)
P value 0.11 <0.01 <0.01 0.73 <0.01
aHR (95% CI)† 1.12
(0.97 to 1.29)		 1.07
(1.03 to 1.10)		 1.26
(1.21 to 1.32)		 1.02
(0.98 to 1.05)		 1.33
(1.26 to 1.40)
P value 0.12 <0.01 <0.01 0.33 <0.01
  Type one diabetes mellitus Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus Sjogren Vitiligo
Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed
No of patients 63 788 249 688 63 723 249 375 64 215 250 815 64 276 250 972 64 140 250 532
No of outcomes, n(%) 144 (0.23) 283 (0.11) 298 (0.47) 819 (0.33) 75 (0.12) 143 (0.06) 77 (0.12) 109 (0.04) 115 (0.18) 293 (0.12)
Person-years 425 877 1 570 752 425 066 1 565 997 429 121 1 578 247 429 555 1 579 238 428 400 1 575 663
IR (per 1000 person-years) 0.34 0.18 0.7 0.52 0.17 0.09 0.18 0.07 0.27 0.19
 Follow-up, median (IQR) 5.62
(2.45 to 10.10)		 5.16
(2.15 to 9.51)		 5.61
(2.45 to 10.08)		 5.15
(2.14 to 9.51)		 5.62
(2.45 to 10.11)		 5.17
(2.15 to 9.51)		 5.63
(2.46 to 10.10)		 5.17
(2.15 to 9.51)		 5.62
(2.45 to 10.10)		 5.16
(2.15 to 9.51)
HR (95% CI)* 1.89
(1.55 to 2.32)		 1.33
(1.17 to 1.52)		 1.93
(1.46 to 2.56)		 2.58
(1.92 to 3.45)		 1.45
(1.17 to 1.80)
P value <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
aHR (95% CI)† 1.80
(1.47 to 2.20)		 1.33
(1.16 to 1.52)		 1.93
(1.46 to 2.56)		 2.51
(1.87 to 3.38)		 1.37 (1.10 to 1.71)
P value <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
  Psoriasis Pernicious anaemia Inflammatory bowel disease Coeliac Autoimmune thyroiditis
Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed
No of patients 61 764 243 056 64 148 250 423 63 819 249 394 64 173 250 585 64 170 250 440
No of outcomes, n(%) 892 (1.44) 2799 (1.15) 156 (0.24) 463 (0.18) 228 (0.36) 667 (0.27) 121 (0.19) 334 (0.13) 99 (0.15) 298 (0.12)
Person-years 408 643 1 514 347 428 404 1 574 721 425 814 1 566 813 428 547 1 575 926 428 443 1 574 813
IR (per 1000 person-years) 2.18 1.85 0.36 0.29 0.54 0.43 0.28 0.21 0.23 0.19
 Follow-up, median (IQR) 5.55
(2.42 to 9.98)		 5.09
(2.11 to 9.44)		 5.62
(2.46 to 10.10)		 5.16
(2.15 to 9.51)		 5.61
(2.45 to 10.09)		 5.15
(2.14 to 9.51)		 5.62
(2.45 to 10.10)		 5.16
(2.15 to 9.51)		 5.62
(2.45 to 10.09)		 5.16
(2.15 to 9.51)
HR (95% CI)* 1.18
(1.10 to 1.27)		 1.24
(1.03 to 1.48)		 1.26
(1.08 to 1.46)		 1.33
(1.08 to 1.64)		 1.22
(0.97 to 1.53)
P value <0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.08
aHR (95% CI)† 1.17
(1.09 to 1.27)		 1.23
(1.02 to 1.47)		 1.25
(1.08 to 1.46)		 1.33
(1.08 to 1.64)		 1.19 (0.95 to 1.50)
P value <0.01 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 0.13
  Scleroderma All mental health conditions Depression Anxiety Severe mental illness
Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed Exposed Unexposed
No of patients 64 337 251 067 45 237 202 163 50 883 216 746 54 756 229 068 63 137 248 256
No of outcomes, n (%) 16 (0.02) 45 (0.02) 5296 (11.71) 16 758 (8.29) 4197 (8.25) 12 706 (5.86) 3331 (6.08) 9230 (4.03) 400 (0.63) 925 (0.37)
Person-years 430 156 1 580 157 275 375 1 184 298 318 974 1 299 096 345 927 1 386 791 421 760 1 561 193
IR (per 1000 person-years) 0.04 0.03 19.23 14.15 13.16 9.78 9.63 6.66 0.95 0.59
 Follow-up, median (IQR) 5.63
(2.46–10.11)		 5.17
(2.15–9.51)		 4.93
(2.08–9.21)		 4.61
(1.89–8.87)		 5.14
(2.19–9.48)		 4.77
(1.96–9.10)		 5.23
(2.23–9.53)		 4.88
(2.02–9.17)		 5.62 (2.46–10.10) 5.16 (2.14–9.51)
HR (95% CI)* 1.30
(0.74 to 2.31)		 1.36
(1.32 to 1.41)		 1.35
(1.31 to 1.40)		 1.45
(1.39 to 1.51)		 1.61 (1.43 to 1.81)
P value 0.36 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
aHR (95% CI)† 1.32
(0.75 to 2.35)		 1.37
(1.33 to 1.42)		 1.36
(1.31 to 1.41)		 1.44
(1.38 to 1.50)		 1.59 (1.41 to 1.79)
P value 0.34 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

*Unadjusted HR.

†AHR: adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, Townsend deprivation index, smoking status and ethnicity at baseline.

aHR, adjusted HR; IR, incidence rate.