Table 2.
Prevalence and association of the coexistence of stunting, underweight and wasting with independent variables
| Variable | Coexisted | Variable |
Coexisted | Variable |
Coexisted |
| Weighted % (95% CI) | Weighted % (95% CI) | Weighted % (95% CI) | |||
| Age of child (p<0.001) | Place of delivery (p<0.001) | Country (p<0.001) | |||
| <1 | 1.75 (1.6 to 1.9) | Home | 4.36 (4.2 to 4.6) | Angola | 2.46 (2.1 to 2.8) |
| 1 | 4.44 (4.2 to 4.7 | Health facility | 1.96 (1.9 to 2.1) | Benin | 2.04 (1.8 to 2.2) |
| 2 | 3.01 (2.8 to 3.2) | Other | 2.45 (1.7 to 3.3) | Burkina Faso | 5.31 (4.9 to 5.8) |
| 3 | 1.62 (1.4 to 1.8) | Wealth status (p<0.001) | Burundi | 3.76 (3.2 to 4.4) | |
| 4 | 1.33 (1.1 to 1.6) | Poor | 3.46 (3.3 to 3.6) | Cameroon | 1.27 (0.9 to 1.7) |
| Sex of child (p<0.001) | Middle | 2.74 (2.5 to 2.9) | Chad | 5.86 (5.2 to 6.5) | |
| Male | 3.43 (3.3 to 3.6) | Rich | 1.86 (1.7 to 2.0) | Comoros | 1.98 (1.3 to 2.9) |
| Female | 1.99 (1.9 to 2.1) | Age of household head (p=0.2760) | Congo | 0.98 (0.7 to 1.5) | |
| Birth order (p<0.001) | Young-adults | 2.65 (2.5 to 2.8) | Cote d'Ivoire | 2.28 (1.7 to 3.0) | |
| 1 | 2.25 (2.1 to 2.4) | Middle-aged adults | 2.76 (2.6 to 2.9) | DR Congo | 2.66 (2.2 to 3.2) |
| 2–4 | 2.56 (2.4 to 2.7) | Old-aged adults | 2.8 (2.6 to 3.1) | Ethiopia | 3.64 (3.2 to 4.1) |
| 5 and above | 3.23 (3.1 to 3.4) | Sex of household head (p<0.001) | Gabon | 0.63 (0.3 to 1.0) | |
| Perceived size at birth (p<0.001) | Male | 2.82 (2.7 to 2.9) | The Gambia | 3.61 (2.4 to 5.2) | |
| Large | 1.78 (1.7 to 1.9) | Female | 2.33 (2.1 to 2.5) | Ghana | 1.37 (0.9 to 2.0) |
| Average | 2.6 (2.5 to 2.7) | Access to electricity (p<0.001) | Guinea | 2.26 (1.7 to 2.9) | |
| Small | 4.98 (4.7 to 5.3) | No | 3.21 (3.1 to 3.3) | Kenya | 0.94 (0.7 to 1.2) |
| Maternal age (p=0.080) | Yes | 1.61 (1.5 to 1.7) | Lesotho | 0.86 (0.7 to 1.0) | |
| 15–19 | 2.78 (2.5 to 3.1) | Access to media (tv/radio/newspaper) (p<0.001) | Liberia | 2.37 (1.7 to 3.1) | |
| 20–49 | 2.71 (2.6 to 2.8) | Yes | 2.14 (2.0 to 2.2) | Malawi | 1.03 (0.7 to 1.4) |
| Educational attainment (p<0.001) | No | 3.78 (3.6 to 4.0) | Mali | 3.62 (2.5 to 4.1) | |
| No formal education | 4.19 (4.0 to 4.4) | Type of toilet facility (p<0.001) | Namibia | 1.99 (1.2 to 3.1) | |
| Primary | 2.09 (2.0 to 2.2) | Improved | 1.76 (1.6 to 1.9) | Nigeria | 4.1 (3.7 to 4.6) |
| Secondary | 1.22 (1.1 to 1.3) | Unimproved | 3.43 (3.3 to 3.6) | Rwanda | 6.17 (5.5 to 6.9) |
| Higher | 0.66 (0.4 to 1.0) | Source of drinking water (p<0.001) | Senegal | 2.43 (1.8 to 3.2) | |
| Working status (p<0.001) | Improved | 2.54 (2.4 to 2.6) | Sierra Leone | 1.94 (1.4 to 2.5) | |
| No | 3.13 (3.0 to 3.3) | Unimproved | 3.06 (2.9 to 3.2) | South Africa | 0.18 (0.02 to 0.8) |
| Yes | 2.48 (2.4 to 2.6) | Type of cooking fuel (p<0.001) | Tanzania | 1.86 (2.1 to 3.5) | |
| Antenatal visits during pregnancy (p<0.001) | Clean | 0.98 (0.8.2 to 1.2) | Togo | 2.72 (2.1 to 3.4) | |
| No | 5.41 (5.0 to 5.8) | Unclean | 2.92 (2.8 to 3.0) | Uganda | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) |
| Yes | 2.39 (2.3 to 2.5) | Urbanicity (p<0.001) | Zambia | 1.22 (1.0 to 1.5) | |
| Postnatal check within 2 months (p<0.001) | Urban | 1.73 (1.6 to 1.9) | Zimbabwe | 0.78 (0.5 to 1.1) | |
| No | 2.93 (2.8 to 3.1) | Rural | 3.21 (3.1 to 3.3) | Geographic region (p<0.001) | |
| Yes | 2.42 (2.3 to 2.6) | Western | 3.11 (3.0 to 2.3) | ||
| Eastern | 2.43 (2.3 to 2.6) | ||||
| Central | 2.87 (2.7 to 3.1) | ||||
| South Africa | 0.88 (0.66 to 1.1) | ||||