Table 3.
Multinomial regression showing risk factors of coexistence of stunting, underweight and wasting
| Variable | Base outcome (ref: normal) | |||
| Single and two dimensions | Co-existence of three dimensions | |||
| RRR | 95% CI | RRR | 95% CI | |
| Age of child (ref:0) | ||||
| 1 | 2.008*** | 1.93 to 2.089 | 3.714*** | 3.319 to 4.156 |
| 2 | 2.624*** | 2.514 to 2.739 | 2.827*** | 2.48 to 3.222 |
| 3 | 2.122*** | 2.018 to 2.231 | 1.464*** | 1.227 to 1.748 |
| 4 | 1.504*** | 1.417 to 1.597 | 1.051 | 0.84 to 1.315 |
| Sex of child (ref: male) | ||||
| Female | 0.752*** | 0.731 to 0.775 | 0.468*** | 0.429 to 0.51 |
| Birth order (ref: 1) | ||||
| 2 | 0.938** | 0.896 to 0.981 | 1.002 | 0.875 to 1.146 |
| five and above | 0.969 | 0.92 to 1.021 | 0.995 | 0.858 to 1.155 |
| Perceived size at birth (ref: large) | ||||
| Average | 1.32*** | 1.276 to 1.365 | 1.756*** | 1.574 to 1.958 |
| Small | 1.931*** | 1.846 to 2.02 | 3.818*** | 3.383 to 4.308 |
| Maternal age (ref: 15–19) | ||||
| 20–49 | 0.834*** | 0.78 to 0.891 | 0.881 | 0.735 to 1.056 |
| Educational attainment (ref: higher) | ||||
| No formal education | 2.624*** | 2.305 to 2.987 | 3.291*** | 1.961 to 5.522 |
| Primary | 2.189*** | 1.927 to 2.487 | 2.381*** | 1.417 to 4.001 |
| Secondary | 1.751*** | 1.545 to 1.985 | 1.617 | 0.971 to 2.691 |
| Working status (ref: yes) | ||||
| No | 1.018 | 0.984 to 1.053 | 1.195*** | 1.086 to 1.314 |
| Antenatal visits during pregnancy (ref: yes) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1.139*** | 1.079 to 1.201 | 1.364*** | 1.208 to 1.541 |
| Postnatal check within 2 months (ref: yes) | ||||
| No | 0.98 | 0.946 to 1.015 | 0.977 | 0.879 to 1.086 |
| Place of delivery (ref: health facility) | ||||
| Home | 1.183*** | 1.137 to 1.23 | 1.372*** | 1.232 to 1.529 |
| Other | 1.046 | 0.912 to 1.201 | 1.047 | 0.71 to 1.543 |
| Wealth status (ref: rich) | ||||
| Poor | 1.297*** | 1.235 to 1.361 | 1.408*** | 1.235 to 1.605 |
| Middle | 1.195*** | 1.138 to 1.254 | 1.214** | 1.054 to 1.397 |
| Age of household head (ref: young-adult) | ||||
| Middle-aged adults | 0.954** | 0.921 to 0.987 | 1.01 | 0.913 to 1.118 |
| Old-aged adults | 0.974 | 0.93 to 1.021 | 1.065 | 0.936 to 1.213 |
| Sex of household head (ref: male) | ||||
| Female | 0.977 | 0.94 to 1.015 | 1.035 | 0.925 to 1.159 |
| Access to media (tv/radio/newspaper) (ref: yes) | ||||
| No | 1.079*** | 1.042 to 1.117 | 1.255*** | 1.144 to 1.377 |
| Access to electricity (ref: yes) | ||||
| No | 1.136*** | 1.083 to 1.191 | 1.062 | 0.922 to 1.225 |
| Type of toilet facility (ref: improved) | ||||
| Unimproved | 1.027 | 0.991 to 1.065 | 1.158** | 1.032 to 1.3 |
| Source of drinking water (ref: improved) | ||||
| Unimproved | 0.959** | 0.928 to 0.99 | 0.968 | 0.885 to 1.058 |
| Type of cooking fuel (ref: clean) | ||||
| Unclean | 1.177*** | 1.089 to 1.271 | 1.316 | 0.97 to 1.787 |
| Urbanicity (ref: urban) | ||||
| Rural | 1.05** | 1.006 to 1.095 | 0.943 | 0.832 to 1.069 |
RRR, relative risk ratios.