Thermoregulatory effect of DREADD activation of PVNMC4R+neurons. (A) Representative IR thermographic images taken at baseline and after 60 min of saline or CNO treatment while allowing slow walking on a treadmill. Body surface areas of interest were drawn separately for the neck (BAT), lower back, and tail. (B) Quantified body surface temperature in mice received saline and CNO treatment (n = 7 mice). (C) Changes in core body temperature after CNO treatment in MC4R-Cre+ mice received AAV2-DIO-mCherry (control group, n = 7) or AAV2-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry (DREADD group, n = 8) injection into the PVN. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01∗∗, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 by paired Student's t-test (B) or by two-way ANOVA (C).