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. 2021 Oct 9;3(6):e1843–e1851. doi: 10.1016/j.asmr.2021.08.012

Table 3.

Effect of Pitching Kinematic Variables on Dynamic Ultrasound Measurements

Preseason Pitching Variable Postseason UCL Thickness
Change in UCL Thickness
Postseason UHJS Loaded
Change in UHJS Loaded
Est (SE) P Value Est (SE) P Value Est (SE) P Value Est (SE) P Value
Elbow torque 0.005 (0.01) .606 0.0004 (0.01) .965 –0.03 (0.01) .042 –0.03 (0.01) .045
Arm slot –0.016 (0.01) .156 –0.03 (0.01) .011 0.004 (0.03) .912 0.01 (0.03) .667
Arm speed 0.0004 (0.002) .847 –0.001 (0.002) .565 –0.003 (0.005) .637 –0.001 (0.006) .877
Arm rotation –0.01 (0.01) .371 –0.001 (0.01) .991 –0.02 (0.03) .523 –0.03 (0.03) .283
Ball velocity –0.012 (0.04) .745 –0.008 (0.03) .787 0.09 (0.10) .368 0.13 (0.10) .218

NOTE. Univariate relationships for continuous variables are presented as beta estimate (standard error). Interpretation for beta estimates is as follows: for every 1-unit increase in a pitching kinematic measurement, the ultrasound measurement changes by the magnitude of the beta estimate (i.e., for every 1-degree reduction in preseason arm slot, the change in UCL thickness from preseason to postseason in the cohort of players increased by 0.03 mm (0.01) significantly).

Statistically significant P values are indicated in bold (P < .05).

UCL, ulnar collateral ligament; UHJS, ulnohumeral joint space.