Table 1.
Mean (SD) or Frequency Statistics for Frailty, Loneliness, Demographic, and Confounds/Covariates for Waves 2 and 4 for the Five Study Samples Reported.
| Sample 1 (n = 4918) | Sample 2 (n = 2192) | Sample 3 (n = 1662) | Sample 4 (n = 1457) | Sample 5 (n = 1131) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 2231 males (45.36%) and 2687 females (54.64%) | 1008 males (45.99%) and 1184 females (54.01%) | 775 males (46.63%) and 887 females (53.37%) | 773 males (53.05%) and 684 females (46.95%) | 606 males (53.58%) and 525 females (46.42%) |
| Age (years) | 70.52 (7.55) | 69.12 (6.75) | 68.96 (6.60) | 69.12 (6.75) | 67.75 (5.97) |
| Highest educational qualificationa | (i) n = 271 (12.36%), (ii) n = 284 (12.96%), (iii) n = 120 (5.47%), (iv) n = 383 (17.47%), (v) n = 124 (5.66%), (vi) n = 216 (9.85%), and (vii) n = 794 (36.22%) | (i) n = 205 (12.33%), (ii) n = 224 (13.47%), (iii) n = 92 (5.54%), (iv) n = 309 (18.59%), (v) n = 87 (5.23%), (vi) n = 159 (5.23%), and (vii) n = 586 (35.26%) | (i) n = 208 (14.28%), (ii) n = 201 (13.80%), (iii) n = 76 (5.22%), (iv) n = 255 (17.50%), (v) n = 100 (6.86%), (vi) n = 146 (10.02%), and (vii) n = 471(32.33%) | (i) n = 158 (13.97%), (ii) n = 160 (14.15%), (iii) n = 61 (5.39%), (iv) n = 213 (18.83%), (v) n = 68 (6.01%), (vi) n = 114 (10.08%), and (vii) n = 357 (31.56%) | |
| Net wealth (£) | 229038.72 (279355.55) | 240835.71 (299416.72) | 264138.19 (315714.06) | 271327.12 (324166.94) | |
| Whether had ever smokeda | n = 1358 (61.95%) | n = 1012 (60.89%) | n = 915 (62.80%) | n = 688 (60.83%) | |
| Psychiatric problems in the last two years | n = 52 (2.37%) | n = 32 (1.93%) | n = 29 (1.99%) | n = 14 (1.24%) | |
| Depressive symptoms | .84 (1.16) | .79 (1.11) | .71 (1.01) | .66 (.94) | |
| Loneliness | 5.62 (1.64) | 5.53 (1.59) | 5.27 (1.41) | 5.22 (1.36) | |
| Frailty (Wave 2) | .12 (.10)b | .63 (.63); non-frail, n = 758 (45.61%); pre-frail, n = 768 (46.21%); frail, n = 136 (8.18%)c | .11 (.09)b | .55 (.60); non-frail, n = 568 (50.22%); pre-frail, n = 500 (44.21%); frail, n = 63 (5.57%) | |
| Frailty (Wave 4) | .11 (.09)b | .61 (.65); non-frail, n = 799 (48.07%); pre-frail, n = 706 (42.48%); frail, n = 157 (9.45%)c | .09 (.08)b | .54 (.61); non-frail, n = 589 (52.08%); pre-frail, n = 470 (41.56%); frail, n = 72 (6.37%)c |
a
Wave 1.
b
Frailty index.
c
Fried phenotype: (i) degree or equivalent; (ii) higher education, but below degree; (iii) a level or equivalent; (iv) GCE O level equivalent; (v) CSE or equivalent; (vi) other; (vii) no qualification.