TABLE 2.
Characterization of growth, conidiation, virulence, and deoxynivalenol production in F. graminearum strains
| Strain | Growtha (cm) | Conidiationb (×104 spores/ml) | Disease indexc | DONd (μg/mg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PH-1 | 6.87 ± 0.18 ae | 120.11 ± 7.82 a | 13.2 ± 0.84 a | 17.76 ± 1.85 a |
| ΔFgbem1 | 5.75 ± 0.07 b | 23.58 ± 7.21 d | 1.8 ± 0.84 cd | 2.99 ± 0.66 c |
| ΔFgbem1-C | 6.37 ± 0.25 a | 105.21 ± 9.33 a | 11.3 ± 1.20 a | 15.64 ± 0.83 a |
| FgBem1 ΔSH3-1 | 5.43 ± 0.31 b | 55.78 ± 11.31 bc | 2.8 ± 1.04 cd | NAf |
| FgBem1 ΔSH3-2 | 5.56 ± 0.15 b | 65.78 ± 15.32bc | 1.9 ± 1.34 cd | NA |
| FgBem1 ΔPX | 5.48 ± 0.21 b | 58.78 ± 13.31 bc | 2.2 ± 1.05 cd | NA |
| FgBem1 ΔPB1 | 5.51 ± 0.17 b | 71.78 ± 8.31 bc | 3.5 ± 1.54 cd | NA |
| ΔFgsnx3 | 6.69 ± 0.14 a | 88.67 ± 7.05 b | 7.1 ± 1.58 b | 5.16 ± 0.41 b |
| ΔFgsnx3-C | 6.51 ± 0.41 a | 106.17 ± 8.34 a | 12.1 ± 0.73 a | 14.56 ± 1.35 ab |
| ΔFgypt35 | 7.19 ± 0.51 a | 94.67 ± 8.94 ab | 6.2 ± 1.30 b | 4.54 ± 0.93 b |
| ΔFgypt35-C | 6.89 ± 0.41 a | 102.83 ± 7.98 a | 11.8 ± 1.02 a | 12.56 ± 0.88 ab |
| ΔFgspo14 | 1.09 ± 0.08 c | 17.22 ± 5.63 d | 1.2 ± 0.45 d | 0.57 ± 0.06 d |
| ΔFgsnx19 | 6.80 ± 0.15 a | 44.4 ± 13.18 c | 3.6 ± 0.89 c | 3.21 ± 0.79 bc |
| ΔFgsnx19-C | 6.77 ± 0.24 a | 104.11 ± 8.08 a | 10.86 ± 2.21 a | 12.45 ± 1.51 ab |
| ΔFgypr097 | 6.49 ± 0.53 a | 57.67 ± 15.16 c | 3.6 ± 1.52 c | 2.03 ± 0.54 c |
| ΔFgypr097-C | 6.94 ± 0.41 a | 108.78 ± 11.21 a | 12.1 ± 1.88 a | 14.88 ± 1.22 a |
| ΔFgmdm1 | 7.04 ± 0.37 a | 48.5 ± 16.57 c | 3.2 ± 1.16 c | 3.86 ± 0.77 b |
| ΔFgmdm1-C | 6.84 ± 0.56 a | 104.67 ± 8.24 a | 11.2 ± 1.65 a | 11.45 ± 2.21 ab |
| ΔFgykr078 | 6.98 ± 0.26 a | 102.22 ± 6.04 a | 14.4 ± 2.30 a | 15.31 ± 0.99 a |
| ΔFgmvp1 | 7.19 ± 0.60 a | 109.67 ± 10.14 a | 12.2 ± 1.30 a | 15.98 ± 0.68 a |
Vegetative hyphal growth rate was measured after incubation on CM media for 3 days. Data were presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments.
Conidia production of each strain was measure after incubating for 4 days in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) culture. Data are presented as mean ± SD from four independent experiments.
Diseased spikelets per wheat head were measured at 14 days postinoculation (dpi). At least five wheat heads were examined in each repeat.
DON production was measured in liquid trichothecene biosynthesis (LTB) cultures after incubation for 7 days at 25°C. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments.
Means ± SE were calculated from three independent experiments. Data were analyzed with SPSS using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The same letter indicates that there was no significant difference, and different letters indicate statistically significant difference (P < 0.01).
NA, not assayed.