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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 21.
Published in final edited form as: Thorac Surg Clin. 2019 Aug 30;29(4):369–377. doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2019.06.001

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Port placement. An 8-mm robotic trocar is placed at the left lateral costal margin, in which a 5-mm atraumatic grasper is used as the robotic assistant. Second, a left 8-mm port for the harmonic device is placed at the midclavicular line, 1 to 2 cm below the costal margin. Third, a 5-mm port is placed in the right lateral subcostal margin for the liver retractor and a robotic 8-mm trocar is placed in the right upper quadrant at the level of the midclavicular region, for the bipolar fenestrated grasper. Last, a 12-mm assistant port is placed in the right periumbilical umbilical region. (From Karush J, Sarkaria IS. Robotic-assisted giant paraesophageal hernia repair and Nissen fundoplication. Oper Tech Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;18(3):206; with permission.)