Table III.
Hierarchical Regression Results for Parenting Role Overload with Working Parents
| Variable | B | SE B | β | R 2 | ΔR2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Step 1 | 0.11 | 0.11*** | |||
| Constant | 3.26 | 0.29 | |||
| Family income | −0.06*** | 0.02 | −0.19 | ||
| Number of children in home | −0.004 | 0.05 | −0.004 | ||
| Parent age | −0.02*** | 0.01 | −0.20 | ||
| Parent education | 0.29*** | 0.06 | 0.24 | ||
| Gender | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.02 | ||
| Ethnicity | −0.19 | 0.12 | −0.10 | ||
| Gender × Ethnicity | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.02 | ||
| Step 2 | 0.29 | 0.18*** | |||
| Constant | 1.34 | 0.33 | |||
| Family income | −0.05*** | 0.01 | −0.17 | ||
| Number of children in home | 0.001 | 0.04 | 0.001 | ||
| Parent age | −0.02*** | 0.004 | −0.15 | ||
| Parent education | 0.26*** | 0.05 | 0.21 | ||
| Gender | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.12 | ||
| Ethnicity | −0.01 | 0.11 | −0.004 | ||
| Gender × Ethnicity | −0.11 | 0.16 | −0.06 | ||
| Perceived increase in household labor | 0.07* | 0.04 | 0.08 | ||
| COVID-19 exposures | 0.05*** | 0.01 | 0.32 | ||
| COVID-19 impact | 0.30*** | 0.05 | 0.24 | ||
| Step 3 | 0.50 | 0.22*** | |||
| Constant | 0.96 | 0.28 | |||
| Family income | −0.04*** | 0.01 | −0.13 | ||
| Number of children in home | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | ||
| Parent age | −0.01 | 0.004 | −0.05 | ||
| Parent education | 0.12** | 0.05 | 0.10 | ||
| Gender | 0.23* | 0.11 | 0.12 | ||
| Ethnicity | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.01 | ||
| Gender × Ethnicity | −0.10 | 0.13 | −0.05 | ||
| Perceived increase in household labor | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.05 | ||
| COVID-19 exposures | 0.02** | 0.01 | 0.12 | ||
| COVID-19 impact | 0.09* | 0.05 | 0.07 | ||
| Work–life conflict | 0.36*** | 0.03 | 0.57 |
Note. N = 455.
*
p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.