Table IV.

Hierarchical Regression Results for Parenting Role Overload with Parents Supporting Children’s Learning at Home

Variable	B	SE B	β	R 2	ΔR2
Step 1				0.08	0.08***
Constant	3.57	0.31
Family income	−0.05***	0.02	−0.14
Number of children in home	0.03	0.04	0.04
Parent age	−0.02***	0.01	−0.19
Parent education	0.19***	0.06	0.17
Gender	0.04	0.15	0.02
Ethnicity	−0.16	0.13	−0.09
Gender × Ethnicity	−0.04	0.18	0.02
Step 2				0.26	0.18***
Constant	1.31	0.37
Family income	−0.05***	0.02	−0.15
Number of children in home	0.05	0.04	0.06
Parent age	−0.01**	0.004	−0.14
Parent education	0.20***	0.05	0.18
Gender	0.26	0.14	0.14
Ethnicity	0.02	0.12	0.01
Gender × Ethnicity	−0.21	0.12	−0.12
Perceived increase in household labor	0.13***	0.04	0.15
COVID-19 exposures	0.05***	0.01	0.29
COVID-19 impact	0.32***	0.06	0.26
Step 3				0.35	0.09***
Constant	0.56	0.42
Family income	−0.04**	0.01	−0.11
Number of children in home	0.07	0.04	0.08
Parent age	−0.01**	0.004	−0.13
Parent education	0.17***	0.05	0.15
Gender	0.19	0.13	0.10
Ethnicity	0.01	0.12	0.003
Gender × Ethnicity	−0.13	0.16	−0.07
Perceived increase in household labor	0.10**	0.04	0.12
COVID-19 exposures	0.03**	0.01	0.18
COVID-19 impact	0.20***	0.05	0.17
Parent-assisted learning efficacy	0.11*	0.05	0.10
Parent-assisted learning resources	−0.01	0.04	−0.02
Parent-assisted learning stress	0.26***	0.04	0.33

Note. N = 412.

^* p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.