Table 2.
Unstandardized Estimates (Standard Errors) From Multilevel Models With Forecasting and Experiencing COVID-19 Stress Predicting Daily Anxiety and Daily Depressive Symptoms
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Anxiety | Anxiety | Depressive symptoms | Depressive symptoms |
| Intercept | 2.47 (0.20)*** | 2.47 (0.20)*** | 13.48 (1.85)*** | 13.06 (1.79)*** |
| Sample | 0.23 (0.08)** | 0.19 (0.08)* | 3.92 (0.75)*** | 3.63 (0.74)*** |
| COVID-19 risk | 0.09 (0.02)** | 0.09 (0.02)*** | 0.99 (0.21)*** | 1.00 (0.21)*** |
| Gender | 0.13 (0.06)* | 0.15 (0.05)** | 1.11 (0.53)* | 1.23 (0.52)* |
| Education | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.07 (0.07) | −0.06 (0.64) |
| Race | −0.51 (0.27) | −0.78 (0.26)** | −9.04 (2.47)** | −8.82 (2.37)** |
| Age | −0.02 (0.00)*** | −0.02 (0.00)*** | −0.21 (0.03)*** | −0.21 (0.03)*** |
| Forecasting COVID-19 stress | −0.01 (0.04) | −0.06 (0.34) | ||
| Age × Race | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.13 (0.05)* | 0.12 (0.05)* |
| Age × COVID-19 forecasting | 0.002 (0.001)* | 0.01 (0.01) | ||
| Race × COVID-19 forecasting | 0.07 (0.07) | 1.23 (0.62)* | ||
| Age × Race × COVID-19 forecasting | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.01) | ||
| Experiencing COVID-19 stress | −0.04 (0.05) | −0.10 (0.40) | ||
| Age × Experiencing COVID-19 stress | 0.003 (0.001)** | 0.02 (0.01)* | ||
| Race × Experiencing COVID-19 stress | 0.22 (0.08)** | 1.50 (0.69)* | ||
| Age × Race × Experiencing COVID-19 stress | −0.004 (0.001)* | −0.03 (0.02) | ||
| R 2 between | 24% | 25% | 26% | 29% |
| R 2 within | 5% | 7% | 6% | 7% |
Notes: Gender is coded as male = 0 and female = 1; race is coded as White = 0 and Black or African American = 1; sample is coded as MTurk = 0 and Qualtrics = 1. COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019. Unstandardized estimates and standard errors rounded to three decimal places are necessary to show the statistical significance of the p values.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.