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. 2021 Nov 10:jiab561. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab561

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Figure 4. — Oral and intranasal vaccination decreases virus in the lungs. (A) Lung severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) titers as measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on day 5 postchallenge. Lung tissues were homogenized, and RNA was extracted and run on a quantitative PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2. Viral titers are substantially reduced in the 2-dose oral and intranasal groups. (B) The 50%tissue culture infective dose (TCID-50) per gram/lung tissue. The lung tissue extract was added to Vero cells in serial dilutions, and wells with cytopathic effect were counted as a measure of infectious dose. One-way analysis of variance statistical analysis was performed among the groups with all groups compared with the no vaccine group.