Table 2.
Impact of pre-existing asthma on the outcomes of COVID-19 patients
| location | Impacts of asthma on COVID-19 outcomes | References |
|---|---|---|
| Paris, France | Asthma was not associated with increased mortality of COVID-19 (asthma 8.1% versus control 14.6%) | (28) |
| Strasbourg, France | Asthma did not induce severe COVID-19. aOR, 1.065 (95% CI: 0.272–3.522). And COVID-19 did not induce severe asthma exacerbation | (37) |
| Sweden | Asthma was associated with increased hospitalization rate but not mortality | (39) |
| Daegu, Korea. | Asthma was not associated with clinical outcomes of COVID-19 | (41) |
| Korea | Asthma patients older than 50 years (aHR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.03–4.76) and female asthma patients (aHR 3.74, 95% CI: 1.35–10.35) had increased risk of death due to COVID-19 | (42) |
| USA | Asthma was not associated with an increased risk of hospitalization | (43) |
| New York, USA | In COVID-19 patients <65 years, asthma was not a risk factor for severity and mortality | (44) |
| California, USA | Active asthma, especially the ones without proper medication, had higher risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization, intensive respiratory support and ICU stay, but had no increased mortality | (45) |
| Italy | Severe asthma did not increase severe outcomes of COVID-19 | (50) |
| The Netherlands | Severe asthma receiving biologicals were associated with higher risk of hospitalization and intubation | (51) |
| USA | Asthma was not a risk factor for hospitalization, and allergic asthma was associated with lower hospitalization of COVID-19. Severe asthma did not increase severe outcomes of COVID-19 | (52) |
| USA | Asthma patients solely using SABA to relieve symptoms were associated with lower risk of hospitalization | (53) |
| UK | Asthma was associated with severe disease; in addition, severe asthma was associated with increased mortality of COVID-19 | (54) |
| Belgium | Asthma was not a risk factor for ICU admission and mortality | (55) |
| Italy | Severe asthma did not increase severe outcomes of COVID-19 | (56) |
| New York, USA | Asthma was not a risk factor for mortality of COVID-19. OR 0.89 (95% CI: 0.65–1.21). | (58) |
| Korea | Asthma was associated with severe clinical outcomes, mainly caused by non-allergic asthma. | (40) |