Table A1:
Paired sample T-tests.
| Mean wave I (SD) | Mean wave II (SD) | Mean difference* | 95% CI | t | df | Cohen’s d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Police effectiveness | |||||||
| 1. The IP is successfully handling the tasks it faces during the coronavirus crisis. | 3.70 (0.98) | 2.60 (1.1) | 1.1 | (1.01, 1.17) | 26.90*** | 890 | 0.90 |
| 2. The police efficiently handles its task in my area of residence. | 3.20 (1.07) | 2.97 (1.14) | 0.23 | (0.16, 0.29) | 6.65*** | 845 | 0.23 |
| 3. The IP have shown many successes in handling crime in recent years. | 3.02 (1.07) | 2.69 (1.12) | 0.33 | (0.26, 0.40) | 9.11*** | 856 | 0.31 |
| 4. Police handling of the coronavirus hampers its other missions, such as property crime, violence, drugs, and traffic. | 3.48 (1.04) | 3.87 (1.07) | −0.39 | (0.48, 0.30) | −8.48*** | 854 | −0.29 |
| Fairness and trust in the police | |||||||
| 5. I trust police officers to behave with integrity even when they are enforcing the emergency regulations. | 3.61 (1.14) | 3.00 (1.24) | 0.61 | (0.53, 0.69) | 14.29*** | 958 | 0.46 |
| 6. Police functioning during the coronavirus crisis strengthened my trust in the police. | 3.19 (1.18) | 2.30 (1.13) | 0.89 | (0.81, 0.97) | 22.33*** | 913 | 0.74 |
| 7. Police officers are often dishonest. | 3.32 (1.07) | 3.30 (1.06) | 0.02 | (−0.04, 0.09) | 0.78 | 945 | 0.03 |
| 8. The IP treats citizens fairly. | 2.91 (1.05) | 2.70 (1.04) | 0.21 | (0.15, 0.27) | 6.66*** | 943 | 0.22 |
| 9. I have trust in the IP. | 3.18 (1.09) | 2.92 (1.08) | 0.26 | (0.20, 0.32) | 8.14*** | 975 | 0.26 |
| 10. The role of the IP in enforcing the emergency regulations of the coronavirus crisis negatively affects the relationship between the police and citizens. | 2.42 (1.18) | 3.50 (1.21) | −1.08 | (−1.18, −0.99) | −22.41*** | 891 | −0.75 |
| Expected outcomes of policing during the COVID-19 pandemic | |||||||
| 11. During the coronavirus crisis, it is right and just that the IP would focus primarily on enforcing the emergency regulations. | 3.87 (1.00) | 3.06 (1.28) | 0.81 | (0.72, 0.89) | 18.90*** | 950 | 0.61 |
| 12. The IP should treat violators of the coronavirus emergency regulations with forgiveness. | 2.19 (1.16) | 2.42 (1.27) | 0.23 | (−0.32, −0.15) | −5.29*** | 949 | −0.17 |
| 13. Most citizens would comply with the emergency regulations even without enforcement. | 3.06 (1.25) | 2.40 (1.24) | 0.66 | (0.57, 0.75) | 14.46*** | 960 | 0.47 |
| 14. I am likely to report violations of self-quarantine by an individual suspected to be infected with the coronavirus. | 4.19 (1.07) | 3.45 (1.33) | 0.74 | (0.65, 0.81) | 18.15*** | 922 | 0.60 |
| 15. I am likely to report a neighbour violating the emergency regulations of the coronavirus crisis. | 3.90 (1.22) | 3.19 (1.41) | 0.71 | (0.63, 0.80) | 16.82*** | 929 | 0.55 |
| 16. I am likely to call the police if I witnessed a serious crime. | 4.35 (0.94) | 4.34 (0.98) | 0.01 | (−0.04, 0.08) | 0.55 | 967 | 0.02 |
| 17. I am likely to call the police if I saw a suspicious object. | 4.41 (0.94) | 4.36 (0.96) | 0.05 | (−0.00, 0.10) | 1.84 | 977 | 0.06 |
| 18. I am likely to volunteer to assist the police in my area of residence. | 2.59 (1.35) | 2.44 (1.36) | 0.15 | (0.07, 0.23) | 3.73*** | 916 | 0.12 |
| 19. I am likely to agree to provide information to assist a police investigation. | 4.24 (0.93) | 4.00 (1.07) | 0.24 | (0.18, 0.31) | 7.66*** | 947 | 0.25 |
| 20. In some cases, it is OK to ignore police orders. | 1.95 (1.05) | 2.21 (1.12) | −0.26 | (−0.34, −0.18) | −6.44*** | 949 | −0.21 |
| 21. The police should be obeyed, even if we are not happy with the way they treat citizens. | 4.22 (0.84) | 3.97 (0.92) | 0.25 | (0.20, 0.32) | 8.32*** | 970 | 0.27 |
*
1 = Strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree; mean differences were calculated by subtracting the mean in wave II from the mean in wave I.