Table 3.
Patient | Age Group (years), sex | Race, Ethnicity | Onset Year | Serology | PCR | Clinical Features/ Imaging/ Complications | Treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 20–24, Female | White, non-Hispanic | 2021 | Nucleocapsid positive | Positive | Shock, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, diarrhea, neck pain, myalgia, cervical lymphadenopathy > 1.5cm
Echocardiography: LV dysfunction, EF 48%, pericardial effusion, ECG (T wave inversion), congestive heart failure, myopericarditis |
Corticosteroids, IVIG ×1 |
2 | 20–24, Female | White, non-Hispanic | 2021 | Nucleocapsid positive | Positive | Shock, cough, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, diarrhea, elevated bilirubin/liver function tests
Echocardiography: LV dysfunction, pericardial effusion Abdominal CT: mesenteric lymphadenopathy Chest CT: pneumonia, pleural effusion congestive heart failure, myocarditis |
HFNC, vasoactive medication, corticosteroids, antiplatelet medication, IVIG ×2 |
3 | 30–34, Female | White, non-Hispanic | 2020 | Nucleocapsid positive | Positive | Shock, cough, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, myalgia, elevated LFTs
Echocardiography: LV dysfunction, EF 44%, mild LV hypertrophy, mild pulmonary hypertension, mild pericardial effusion Chest CT/X-ray: pneumonia ECG (non-specific ST seg change, abnormal T-wave), congestive heart failure |
HFNC, corticosteroids |
4 | 35–39, Male | White, non-Hispanic | 2021 | Nucleocapsid positive | Negative | Shock, abdominalpain, vomiting, diarrhea, rash,headache, myalgia, conjunctival injection, cervical lymphadenopathy, altered mental status
Elevatedbilirubin/liver function tests Echocardiography: LV/RV dysfunction, pericardial/pleural effusion, mitral regurgitation Chest X-ray: patchy airspacedisease congestive heart failure, myocarditis, AKI |
Mechanical ventilation, ECMO, vasoactive medication, corticosteroids, antiplatelet medication, IVIG ×2 |
5 | 45–49, Female | Multiple races, non-Hispanic | 2021 | Nucleocapsid positive | Positive | Shortness of breath, diarrhea, rash, mucocutaneous lesions, encephalopathy, myalgia
Elevated liver function tests Echocardiography: normal Chest CT: atelectasis Encephalitis or aseptic meningitis, AKI |
Non-invasive ventilation, corticosteroids, antiplatelet medication, IVIG ×1 |
6 | 45–49, Male | Black, non-Hispanic | 2021 | Not done | Positive | Shock, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, encephalopathy
Elevated bilirubin/liver function tests, Echocardiography: cardiac dysfunction, reduced EF Abd CT: enlarged liver Chest CT: ground glass infiltrates, pneumonia, pleural effusion Arrhythmia (supraventricular), congestive heart failure, encephalitis or aseptic meningitis, AKI |
Noninvasive ventilation, vasoactive medication, corticosteroids, tocilizumab, anticoagulation medication, IVIG ×1 |
7 | 45–49, Female | Black, non-Hispanic | 2021 | Nucleocapsid positive | Positive | Shock, cough, chest pain, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, syncope or near syncope, encephalopathy, cervical lymphadenopathy > 1.5
elevated bilirubin/liver function tests Echocardiography: LV/RV dysfunction, EF 25%, pericardial effusion, severe global LV hypokinesis Abdominal ultrasound: gallbladder thickening and trace pericholecystic fluid Chest X-ray: pleural effusion, opacity Congestive heart failure, myopericarditis, AKI, renal failure, |
Mechanical ventilation, vasoactive medication, corticosteroids, anakinra, IVIG ×2 |
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; CT, computed tomography; ECG, electrocardiogram; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EF, ejection fraction; HFNC, high-flow nasal canula; IVIG, intravenous immune globulin; LFT, liver function test; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle.