TABLE 3.

Associations between regional UV exposure and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection¹

	Quartiles
	1	2	3	4	P-trend
UV-B
Median	104	113	124	164
Cases/non-cases	495/9142	434/10,150	428/7862	411/10,393
Unadjusted	1 (ref)	0.79 (0.69, 0.90)	1.01 (0.88, 1.15)	0.73 (0.64, 0.83)	<0.001
MV model 1	1 (ref)	0.79 (0.70, 0.91)	0.97 (0.85, 1.11)	0.76 (0.66, 0.87)	0.001
MV model 2	1 (ref)	0.79 (0.69, 0.90)	0.96 (0.84, 1.10)	0.76 (0.66, 0.87)	0.002
MV model 3	1 (ref)	0.79 (0.69, 0.90)	0.96 (0.84, 1.10)	0.76 (0.66, 0.87)	0.002
UV-A
Median	583	606	674	855
Cases/non-cases	436/9079	503/9397	484/9139	325/9325
Unadjusted	1 (ref)	1.11 (0.98, 1.27)	1.10 (0.97, 1.26)	0.73 (0.63, 0.84)	<0.001
MV model 1	1 (ref)	1.12 (0.98, 1.27)	1.08 (0.95, 1.24)	0.76 (0.65, 0.88)	<0.001
MV model 2	1 (ref)	1.12 (0.98, 1.27)	1.07 (0.94, 1.23)	0.76 (0.65, 0.88)	<0.001
MV model 3	1 (ref)	1.10 (0.96, 1.26)	1.07 (0.94, 1.22)	0.76 (0.66, 0.88)	<0.001

¹Logistic regression models were used in the analysis. The number of participants included in the analysis was 39,315, and the number of participants who reported a positive SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1768. Model 1 was adjusted for age, White race, smoking pack-years (0, 0.1–10.0, 10.1–20.0, >20.0), and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (quintiles). Model 2 was further adjusted for BMI (kg/m²; <22.5, 22.5–24.9, 25.0–27.4, 27. 5–29.9, 30–34.9, ≥35.0), physical activity (quintiles), and alcohol intake (0, 0.1–5.0, 5.1–10.0, >10 g/d). Model 3 was further adjusted for being a frontline health care worker; chronic comorbidities including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and asthma; and 2010 Census tract median income (quintiles). P-trend was evaluated using the median value in each category as a continuous variable. MV, multivariable; ref, reference; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.